摘要泌尿道感染(urinary tract infection，UTI)是儿童常见的感染性疾病，随着抗生素的广泛使用，全球范围内细菌耐药率逐渐升高。益生菌作用的主要机制包括竞争性抑制病原、产生抗菌肽、调节酶活性、影响免疫调节和炎症因子等。体外及动物实验显示，益生菌可抑制泌尿道常见病原体的生长、黏附、侵袭以及预防小鼠UTI的发生。部分临床研究也显示，对于泌尿道结构正常或伴有膀胱输尿管反流的儿童，益生菌可有效预防UTI发生，同时降低细菌耐药率。因此，益生菌可能成为非抗生素途径预防儿童UTI的一种方式。

abstractsUrinary tract infection is one of the most common infectious disease in children.With the wide usage of antibiotics, the risk of antibiotic-resistant is gradually increasing.Main mechanisms of probiotics include competitive exclusion of pathogens and bacteriocin production, modulation of enzymatic activities, immune system and regulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines.It is approved that probiotics could inhibit the growth, cell adhesion and invasion of pathogens in vitro and in animal experiments, as well as in preventing UTI in mice.Moreover, several linical trials have evaluated the effectiveness of probiotics in reducing the risk of recurrent UTI in children with normal urinary tract or with vesicoureteral reflux.Therefore, probiotics could be used as candidates in non-antibiotic prophylaxis and treatment of UTI in chilren.