摘要川崎病是一种好发于5岁以下儿童的急性系统性血管炎，病因尚不明确。目前认为川崎病是遗传易感个体的免疫系统对一种或多种非特异病原体的异常反应，是遗传、环境与免疫共同作用的结果。川崎病以免疫系统异常激活为显著特征，其机制涉及固有免疫和适应性免疫之间复杂的相互作用。目前研究明确了川崎病相关病理过程的免疫细胞类型，但其特定的免疫发病机制仍未明确。该文从遗传、环境和免疫三个方面介绍了川崎病相关免疫机制的研究进展，有助于预测标志物、治疗靶点的发现、疾病早期识别、个体化治疗及改善预后。

abstractsKawasaki disease is an acute systemic vasculitis that predominantly affects children under the age of 5 years.While the etiology remains unclear，it is thought to be an abnormal immune response to one or more non-specific pathogens in genetically predisposed individuals.This condition arises from the interplay between genetic susceptibility，environmental factors，and immune system dynamics.The disease is characterized by significant immune system activation，involving complex interactions between innate and adaptive immunity.Although recent studies have identified the immune cell types implicated in the pathology of Kawasaki disease，the specific immunopathogenic mechanisms remain unknown.This review explores the research advancements on the immunological mechanisms related to Kawasaki disease from three perspectives（genetics，environment，and immunity），which may be helpful in identifying valuable predictive biomarkers and therapeutic targets，facilitating early identification，individualizing treatment，and improving prognosis.