摘要支气管哮喘是一种以嗜酸粒细胞(eosinophils,EOS)和肥大细胞浸润、气道高反应性为主要病理生理特征的慢性气道炎症,其中EOS在气道的激活对疾病的发生发展起着关键作用.气道中的EOS主要来源于外周血,极小部分来源于气道内的嗜酸粒细胞前体祖细胞,前者早在外周血中便在内皮细胞的作用下开始启动激活,之后气道上皮细胞通过表达细胞因子IL-3、IL-6、IL-8、RANTES及EOS重要的趋化因子eotaxin等趋化其向气道迁移.两种来源的EOS在气道的激活都是各种炎症细胞、细胞因子、趋化因子相互作用的结果:一方面,气道内的Th2细胞、Th1细胞、Th17细胞、肥大细胞等通过分泌IL-4、IL-5、IL-17等细胞因子促进EOS的激活;另一方面,各种细胞因子如PAF、IL-33、IL-7等也通过各种途径激活EOS并维持EOS的活性.本文就目前国内外关于EOS在气道激活机制的研究情况作一综述.

abstractsBronchial asthma is a chronic airway inflammation characterized with the eosinophils and mast cells infiltration in airway and airway hyperresponsiveness. Activated eosinophils play a key role in the initiation and development of asthma. Most of the eosinophils in the airway directly from peripheral blood, while a small portion are from primitive eosinophil progenitor cells. When the former ones are in peripheral blood the activation of esinophils begins under the interaction of endothelial cells. Then airway epithelial cells express cytokines such as IL-3, IL-6, IL-8, RANTES and eotaxin which is the important chemokine of eosinophils, recruiting eosinophils to the airways. Activation of the airway eosinophils of the above two sources are the result of the interaction of different inflammatory cells, cytokines and chemokines. For one thing, airway T cells, including Th2 and Thl cells, Th17 cells, mast cells, promote the activation of eosinophils through the release of different cytokines. And these cytokines such as IL-4,IL-5,IL-17 all activate eosinophils. On the other hand, various cytokines such as PAF, IL-33, IL-7 all involve in the activation of eosinophils and keep their viability. This article summarizes the scientific research of activate mechanism of eosinophils in the airways in recent years.