摘要目的:了解陕西省儿童肺结核患病情况及特征，为制定防治策略提供依据。方法:收集国家《结核病管理信息系统》中2009—2019年陕西省发现并登记的现住址是本省的0~14岁儿童肺结核患者信息，采用描述性流行病学方法进行统计分析。结果:2009—2019年陕西省共发现儿童活动性和病原学阳性肺结核患者分别为1 621例和312例，登记率与全年龄组变化趋势基本一致。从2015年开始，儿童病原学阳性登记率呈现明显上升趋势，2019年儿童病原学阳性患者占全年龄组患者比例最高为0.93%。儿童肺结核患者发现比例较高的月份为4—7月；男女比例为1.16 ∶ 1。陕南地区儿童肺结核患者登记率下降不明显，占全人群患者比例呈升高趋势。10~14岁儿童肺结核患者登记率最高（4.26/10万~9.38/10万）。患儿主要通过转诊追踪（1 024例，63.17%）和因症就诊（481例，29.67%）发现。结论:陕西省儿童结核病疫情仍然不容乐观，尤其要注意4—7月高发期的儿童肺结核防控，将陕南地区作为重点防控地区，特别加强10~14岁儿童的结核病防控工作，还应继续加强主动筛查。

abstractsObjective:To understand the prevalence and characteristics of childhood pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in Shaanxi Province, so as to provide evidences for tuberculosis prevention and control work.Methods:The data of PTB patients aged 0-14 years and with address registered in Shaanxi Province from 2009 to 2019 were collected from tuberculosis information management system of China, then a descriptive analysis was carried out.Results:The reported numbers of active and etiological positive childhood PTB patients from 2009 to 2019 were 1 621 and 312 cases, respectively. The trend of registration rate was basically consistent with that of the whole age group. Since 2015, the registration rate of positive etiology in children had been on the rise, and the highest proportion of children with positive etiology in the whole population reached 0.93% in 2019. The months with high proportion of childhood PTB patients were from April to July, and the male to female ratio was 1.16:1. There was no significant decrease in the registration rate of childhood PTB in southern Shaanxi, and the proportion of these patients in the whole population was on the rise. Children aged 10-14 years had the highest registration rate of PTB (4.26/100 000-9.38/100 000) . Patients were found mainly through referral tracking (1 024 cases, 63.17%) and symptomatic treatment (481 cases, 29.67%) .Conclusions:Childhood PTB epidemic in Shaanxi Province is not optimistic. More attention should be paid to prevent and control the high incidence of PTB from April to July, and southern Shaanxi should be considered as the key area. It is important to strengthen the tuberculosis prevention and control of children aged 10-14 years, as well as the active screening efforts.