摘要自身免疫性溶血性贫血(autoimmune hemolytic anemia，AIHA)是一种常见的免疫性血细胞减少症。已有大量研究对AIHA的病因和发病机制进行了阐述，但AIHA自身红细胞抗原免疫耐受破坏的机制尚不完全明确。动物模型是研究疾病发病机制的重要手段，目前已有多种AIHA小鼠模型被开发出来，包括自然突变模型、实验诱发模型和转基因动物模型。通过AIHA小鼠模型的建立，人们对于机体红细胞抗原免疫耐受破坏及AIHA的发病机制、危险因素有了更深的了解。文章就AIHA小鼠模型的研究进展进行综述，以期为AIHA发病机制研究提供参考。

abstractsAutoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA) is a common kind of immune hemocytopenia. A large number of studies have described the etiology and pathogenesis of AIHA, but the mechanism of immune tolerance destruction in AIHA patients is not completely clear. Animal model is an important means to study the pathogenesis of disease. At present, many AIHA murine models have been developed, including natural mutation models, experimental induced models, and transgenic animal models. Through the establishment and study of AIHA murine models, we have a deeper insight for the establishment, maintenance, and destruction of immune tolerance to erythrocyte antigen and the pathogenesis and risk factors of AIHA. This review summarizes the research progress of AIHA mouse model in order to provide reference for the study of AIHA pathogenesis.