摘要背景 随着麻醉技术的不断进步及其安全性的提高,减少麻醉相关并发症和提高患者满意度成为麻醉医师的重要工作内容.术后恶心呕吐(postoperative nausea and vomiting,PONV)作为临床上常见的一种术后并发症,一直是麻醉医师关注的热点. 目的 探讨全身麻醉PONV的研究新进展,指导PONV的预防和治疗. 内容 PONV与年龄、性别、吸烟史、PONV既往史、晕车史、挥发性麻醉剂使用、阿片类药物使用以及手术持续时间等多种危险因素有关;发生机制可能与5-羟色胺(5-hydroxy tryptamine 3,5-HT3)、多巴胺、组胺、乙酰胆碱、P物质等递质有关. 趋向 目前已发现多种PONV的预测模型以及防治方法,但仍需进一步完善.建议对高危患者采取多模式联合预防和治疗.

abstractsBackground Along with the continuous progress of anesthesia and its increased security, reducing anesthesiarelated complications and improving patient satisfaction become increasingly important for anesthesiologists.Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), as a common clinical complication, has been the focus of attention of anesthesiologists.Objective To explore the new progress of PONV under general anesthesia, and in order to further guide the prevention and treatment of PONV.Content Age, gender, smoking history, previous PONV, history of motion sickness, the use of volatile anesthetics, the use of opioids, duration of operation and so on were independent predictors of PONV.The pharmacological receptors which mediate PONV is known to act at the serotonin, dopamine, histamine, acetylcholine, neurotransmitters and other related substances.Trend Although a variety of prediction models has been proposed to predict and treat PONV, but there still needs further improvement.And patients who are at high risk of PONV should receive prophylaxis with combination therapy or a multimodal approach that includes two or more interventions.