摘要微泡(microvesicles)是很多类型的细胞在凋亡或活跃期释放的细胞碎片所形成的小囊泡.作为细胞间信息传递的一种新方式,微泡逐渐成为各领域研究的热点.微泡可来源于多种类型的细胞和体液,如B细胞、树突细胞、血小板、网织红细胞、单核巨噬细胞、血清、尿液、羊水、乳汁等,当前的研究焦点是抗原提呈细胞释放的微泡.近期的研究发现,微泡在免疫调节的各个环节都发挥重要作用,概述微泡在诱导免疫应答和免疫抑制两方面的功能机制.

abstractsMicrovesicles are membrane-covered cell fragments released by various types of cells during apoptosis or activation.As a way of cellular communication,microvesicles have become the focus of researches in several areas.They may come from various types of cells and body fluids,such as B cells,dendritic cells,platelets,reticulocytes,mononuclear macrophages,serum,urine,amniotic fluid and milk.Current researches in this area are focused on microvesicles released by antigen-presenting cells.Recent studies have shown that microvesicles play important roles in immune regulation.This paper outlines the functions of microvesicles in the induction of immune response and immune suppression.