摘要水痘-带状疱疹病毒初次感染人体后,易引起水痘,感染控制后,病毒潜伏在感觉神经节内,当机体免疫力降低时,病毒被再次激活,在神经元内大量复制并经神经元突起传播至皮肤后引起带状疱疹.机体拥有强大的免疫监视系统,能及时清除突变或病毒感染的细胞.水痘-带状疱疹病毒要成功地在体内复制、扩散和引起皮损,或者长期潜伏于神经节,必需具备能够编码逃避免疫防御的功能.对水痘-带状疱疹病毒限制机体免疫识别,影响相关免疫分子表达下调,干扰抗原提呈等多种机制进行概述.

abstractsPrimary varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection commonly causes chickenpox.After control of the primary infection,VZV lies dormant within the sensory ganglia.When immunity is decreased,VZV can reactivate and replicate itself massively in neurons,then spread to skin through neuritis and cause herpes zoster.The body has a powerful immune surveillance system,which can timely eradicate mutational or virusinfected cells.In order to replicate itself,spread and cause skin lesions,or remain latent in ganglia for a long time,VZV must encode the capability to escape from immune surveillance system.This review summarizes multiple immune escape mechanisms of VZV,including limitation on host immune recognition,down-regulation of expressions of related immune molecules,interference with antigen presentation,etc.