摘要免疫疗法是一种快速发展的治疗自身免疫病和癌症的方法。细胞毒性T淋巴细胞抗原4(cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4，CTLA-4)是适应性免疫应答的主要抑制分子，也是该领域最著名和研究最广泛的分子。CTLA-4能够通过多种机制来调节和控制免疫细胞的功能。随着对CTLA-4研究的深入，科学家已经研发出CTLA-4类似物阿巴西普和针对CTLA-4的抗体伊匹木单抗。这两种针对CTLA-4的生物制剂，在自身免疫病和肿瘤疾病的治疗中具有广阔的应用前景。

abstractsImmunotherapy is a rapidly developing treatment for autoimmune diseases and cancer. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) is the primary attenuator of adaptive immune responses and the most prominent and extensively investigated molecule in this field. CTLA-4 can regulate and control the function of immune cells through a variety of mechanisms. With further research on CTLA-4, CTLA-4-Ig abatacept and antibody against CTLA-4 ipilimumab have been developed. These two biological agents have broad application prospects in the treatment of autoimmune diseases and tumor diseases.