摘要回顾性分析2020年12月至2022年4月武汉大学中南医院妇儿医院儿科新生儿重症监护室3例脐静脉置管后发生心包积液的新生儿的临床资料。3例均为早产儿，胎龄分别为33 +4周、31周和27 +6周，出生后24 h内行脐静脉置管，置管后第1－4天出现呼吸困难、血氧饱和度下降、心率异常、心音低钝遥远等表现，床旁超声提示心包积液，予心包穿刺引流，2例症状缓解且预后良好，1例死亡。新生儿脐静脉置管可于置管早期并发心包积液，置管后新生儿出现呼吸困难、发绀和心率异常等突然恶化的临床表现，应考虑心包积液及压塞可能，一旦确诊应及时拔出脐静脉导管，行心包穿刺抽液减压。早期诊断及干预可有效改善预后。

abstractsA retrospective case review was conducted of 3 cases with umbilical venous catheterization(UVC) related pericardial effusions in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University from December 2020 to April 2022.All 3 cases were preterm infants with gestational ages of 33 + 4, 31 and 27 + 6 weeks, respectively.UVC was inserted routinely in 24 hours after birth.Three neonates developed tachycardia or bradycardia, dyspnea, decreased oxygen saturation and muffled heart sound at the 1 st to 4 th day after catheterization.Echocardiography indicated pericardial effusion, so the 3 neonates underwent pericardiocentesis and drainage.Among the 3 neonates, 2 cases improved and have good prognosis, 1 case died.UVC can cause pericardial effusion, which occurs mostly in the early stage after catheterization.Pericardial effusion and tamponade should be considered when patients show unexplained sudden clinical deterioration after catheterization, such as dyspnea, cyanosis, tachycardia or bradycardia, etc.Once diagnosed, umbilical vein catheter should be removed in time and pericardiocentesis and drainage should be performed for decompression.Early diagnosis and intervention can effectively improve the prognosis.