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幼年皮肌炎(JDM)是最常见的幼年特发性炎性肌病(JIIM)，以皮肤和肌肉的非化脓性炎症为特点，肺部等重要脏器受累较常见。抗黑色素瘤分化相关基因(MDA)5抗体阳性JDM具有独特的临床特征，主要表现为皮肤黏膜溃疡、掌部丘疹、脱发和关节炎，间质性肺病(ILD)是其最严重的并发症。血清铁蛋白(SF)、涎液化糖链抗原(KL-6)和白细胞介素(IL)-18的水平可作为监测疾病活动性及预测预后的重要指标。糖皮质激素联合免疫抑制剂是最基本的治疗药物。免疫抑制剂包括钙调磷酸酶抑制剂(环孢素和他克莫司)、环磷酰胺、硫唑嘌呤、霉酚酸酯等。难治性患者也可联合应用利妥昔单抗、JAK抑制剂和人免疫球蛋白。早期积极治疗抗MDA5抗体阳性JDM有助于缓解病情、逆转脏器损害并改善远期预后。

Juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) is the most common subtype of juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (JIIM), characterized by non-suppurative inflammation of skin and muscle.JDM frequently involves important organs such as lungs.JDM with anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene (MDA) 5 antibody has unique clinical characteristics, mainly including skin mucosal ulcer, palm papule, hair loss and arthritis.Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is its most serious complication.The levels of serum ferritin, Krebs von den Lungen-6 and interleukin-18 can be used as important indicators of disease activity and prognosis.Glucocorticoids combined with immunosuppressants are the basic treatment for the disease.Immunosuppressants include calcineurin inhibitors (Cyclosporine A and Tacrolimus), Cyclophosphamide, Azathioprine, Mycophenolate Mofetil, etc.Refractory patients can also be treated with Rituximab, Janus kinase inhibitor and human immunoglobulin.Early active treatment of JDM with anti-MDA 5 antibody can alleviate the symptoms, reverse organ damage and improve the long-term prognosis.