检索历史 清除

目的：探讨内蒙古赤峰市城乡空巢老年人抑郁与人格特征、社会支持的差异和关系，以及城乡空巢老年人抑郁的预测因素。方法采用一般资料调查表、老年抑郁量表、艾森克人格问卷简式量表中国版、社会支持量表对赤峰市398名城乡空巢老年人人口学资料、抑郁、人格特征及社会支持情况进行调查。结果农村空巢老年人抑郁得分（14.41±3.09）分，高于城市空巢老年人的（12.90±2.64）分，且差异有统计学意义（t=5.254，P＜0.01）；农村空巢老年人主观支持、客观支持、对社会支持的利用度及社会支持总分（18.35±2.14）、（6.37±1.40）、（6.01±1.17）、（30.73±4.24）分，均低于城市空巢老年人（19.83±2.27）、（7.34±1.13）、（6.95±1.12）、（34.12±3.73）分，且差异均有统计学意义（t=6.673～8.490，均P＜0.01）；城市空巢老年人外倾性得分为（7.58±2.51）分，高于农村空巢老年人的（6.37±2.02）分，差异有统计学意义（t=5.273，P＜0.01），城市空巢老年人神经质得分为（10.38±2.06）分、精神质得分为（9.42±2.17）分，低于农村空巢老年人的（12.41±2.25）、（10.94±2.10）分，差异均有统计学意义（t=9.401、7.107，均P＜0.01）。城乡空巢老年人抑郁得分与外倾性及社会支持各维度呈负相关（P＜0.01）；城乡空巢老年人抑郁得分与精神质和神经质呈正相关（P＜0.01）。回归分析表明，婚姻状况、收入水平、子女探望频率是影响城乡空巢老年人抑郁的主要因素，文化程度亦是影响城市空巢老年人抑郁的主要因素。结论抑郁与人格特征、社会支持显著相关；农村与城市空巢老年人在一般资料、抑郁状况、人格特征、社会支持等方面存在差异，应针对不同的特点，给予有效的干预。

Objective To investigate the relationship between depression and personality and social support of the urban and rural empty-nest, clear the influence factors of depression in the empty-nest elderly. Methods 398 cases of urban and rural empty-nesters selected from the Chifeng district, were valuated with the general information questionnaire, the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Eysenck personality Questionnaire- Revised Short Scalr for Chinese (EPQ-RSC) and the Social Support Scale (SSRS), and to investigate the demographic data, depression, personality and social support. Results Rural cases had a higher level (14.41±3.09) points of depression than (12.90±2.64) points of urban cases, and the difference was statistically significant (t=5.254, P<0.01);rural empty nesters′subjective support (18.35 ± 2.14) points, objective support (6.37 ± 1.40) points, support utilization degree (6.01 ± 1.17) points and social support score (30.37 ± 4.24) points, were lower than (19.83 ± 2.27) points, (7.34 ± 1.13) points, (6.95 ± 1.12) points, (34.12 ± 3.73) points of urban′s, and the difference was statistically significant (t=6.673-8.490, P<0.01); the extraversion score of urban empty nesters was (7.58 ± 2.51) points which was&nbsp;higher than (6.37 ± 2.02) points of rural empty nesters, and the difference was statistically significant (t=5.273, P<0.01);the neuroticism score (10.38 ± 2.06) points and psychoticism score (9.42 ± 2.17) points of urban empty-nest were lower than (12.41 ± 2.25) points, (10.94 ± 2.10) points of empty-nest′s, and the difference was statistically significant (t=9.401, 7.107, P<0.01). Neuroticism and psychoticism was shown to be positively associated with depression while extraversion and social support to be negatively associated with depression (P<0.01). Regression analysis showed that marital status, income, children visit frequency and the education level were the main influencing factors of depression in the urban and rural empty-nesters. Conclusions There are differences between rural and urban empty-nest elderly in the aspect of general data, depression status, personality and social support, and should intervention them effectively according to their different characteristics.