摘要目的:探讨个体化避孕节育干预对产后妇女所产生的影响，为今后广泛开展产后避孕提供依据。方法:采用前瞻性研究于2019年7月至2020年6月期间在重庆市人口和计划生育科学技术研究院附属医院和另外7家医院住院分娩女性4200例为研究对象，采用随机数字表法随机分为观察组和对照组各2100例。观察组予住院分娩及产后42 d返诊时严格宣教避孕，个体化落实避孕措施，发放避孕宣传手册及安全套，加入避孕咨询与交流平台。对照组按个体化避孕常规宣教及监测。分别于产后3、6、9、12个月对研究对象进行电话随访，获得研究对象的产后性生活恢复时间、月经复潮时间、避孕方式及使用情况、母乳喂养时间、1年内非意愿妊娠及结局等情况。结果:观察组和对照组的产后避孕知识知晓率［62.96%（1314/2087）比29.35%（606/2065）］、产后1年内规范避孕率［91.71%（1914/2087）比44.94%（928/2065）］、高效长效避孕率［28.08%（586/2087）比10.02%（207/2065）］、产后1年非意愿妊娠率［2.06%（43/2087）比8.04%（166/2065）］、人工流产率［1.29%（27/2087）比7.36%（152/2065）］比较，差异均有统计学意义（均 P<0.001）。 结论:产后尽早个体化避孕节育干预更有利于产后妇女掌握避孕相关知识，提升有效避孕率，避免非意愿妊娠，适时保持妊娠间隔，保护生育力，保障生殖健康。

abstractsObjective:To explore the influence of individual contraceptive intervention on postpartum women, and to provide basis for widely developing postpartum contraception in the future.Methods:A prospective study was adopted from July 2019 to June 2020 in the Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Population and Family Planning Science and Technology Research Institute and other seven hospitals, a total of 4200 cases hospitalized delivery female were randomly divided into observation group and control group using random number table, each group included 2100 cases. The observation group was given the following intervention measures: strict education on contraception during delivery in hospital and 42 d after delivery; individualized implementation of contraceptive measures; distribution of contraceptive brochures and condoms; join the contraceptive consultation and communication platform. The control was given routine education and monitoring. After 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of postpartum, the patients were followed up by telephone. All of the information about their postpartum sexual life recovery time, menstruation time, contraceptive methods and use, breastfeeding time, one year of accidental pregnancy and outcomes were obtained.Results:Between observation group and control group, there were significant differences in the awareness rate of postpartum contraceptive knowledge [62.96% (1314/2087) vs. 29.35% (606/2065), P<0.001], the rates of standard contraception [91.71% (1914/2087) vs. 44.94% (928/2065), P<0.001], high-effect and long-effect contraception [28.08% (586/2087) vs. 10.02% (207/2065), P<0.001], accidental pregnancy rate [2.06% (43/2087) vs. 8.04% (166/2065), P<0.001] and induced abortion rate within one year after delivery [1.29% (27/2087) vs. 7.36% (152/2065), P<0.001]. Conclusion:Individualized contraceptive intervention as early as possible after delivery is more conducive to these women to grasp the knowledge of contraception, improve the effective contraceptive rate, avoid unwanted pregnancy, timely maintain the pregnancy interval, protect fertility and ensure reproductive health.