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AIM: To explore the expansion and differentiation of hepatocytoid cell induced from myeloid mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)in vitro, in order to find suitable resource of hepatocytes for bioartificial liver or liver transplantation. METHODS: The rat myeloid MSC was isolated and divided into three groups which were cultured by Frieden steion method, and then were induced by culture fluid, culture fluid plus cholestatic serum and culture fluid plus hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), respectively. Hepatocytoid cell as well as expression of CK18 and AFP was observed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: After the induction for 21 d, hepatocytoid cell was observed, and its expression of CK18 and AFP was detected by immunohistochemistry in MSC cultured withcholestatic serum. Furthermore, on the 35th d, albumin mRNA was expressed in the cell, suggesting the inducing effect was similar to that by HGF. CONCLUSION: Rat myeloid MSC can differentiate into hepatocyte lineage under appropriate condition. This method is easy to operate.