摘要目的 观察早产儿经口喂养时的喂养表现,并分析其相关因素,为从管饲转换到经口喂养的科学管理提供依据.方法 在参考国内外文献基础上自行设计早产儿经口喂养观察表,并经过专家的修订,前瞻性观察并记录2015年7月—2016年1月温州三级甲等医院新生儿重症监护室收治的109例早产儿开始经口喂养和完全经口喂养时的喂养速率和喂养成效.采用SPSS 19.0统计软件进行分析.结果 不同出生胎龄、出生体重、医学指数早产儿的喂养速率和喂养成效比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);达完全经口喂养时不同出生体重早产儿在喂养速率上差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 早产儿开始经口喂养时出生胎龄、出生体重及医学指数影响喂养表现,随着喂养经验的增加,早产儿在达到完全经口喂养时多有好的喂养表现,临床医护人员需根据早产儿病情等特点合理选择喂养方式,尽快促进独立经口喂养的获得.

abstractsObjective To observe the performance of oral feeding in premature and to analyze its related factors so as to provide a basis for scientific management transforming from tube feeding to oral feeding.Methods This study designed the oral feeding observation table for premature by ourselves based on literature at home and abroad and revised by experts. Prospective observation and record was used to the rate and effects of feeding at the beginning of oral feeding and when the oral feeding was complete in 109 premature of neonatal intensive care unit at a class Ⅲ grade A hospital in Wenzhou from July 2015 to January 2016. The data were analyzed by the SPSS 19.0.Results There were statistically significant differences at the rate and effects of feeding in premature among different gestational ages, birth weight and Cornell medical indexes (P<0.05). When oral feeding was complete, there was a statistically significant difference at the rate of feeding in premature among different birth weight (P<0.05).Conclusions The feeding performance of premature is influenced by the gestational ages, birth weight and Cornell medical indexes at the beginning of oral feeding. With the growing experience in feeding, premature have good feeding performance when oral feeding was complete. Health care providers should select feeding patterns rationally according to the condition of premature and so on and promote the acquisition of independently oral feeding.