摘要新生儿呼吸道微生态受多种因素影响，其失衡不仅会导致新生儿期的某些疾病，也会提高日后患哮喘等疾病的风险，其多样性及演替方式的异常，会增加支气管肺发育不良及急性呼吸道感染等疾病的发生，故深入研究新生儿期呼吸道微生态的定植和演替情况，及其与新生儿期疾病的关系，有望为预防性治疗和选择临床最佳治疗时机，提供新思路。

abstractsNeonatal respiratory tract microbiome is influenced by many factors, and its imbalance will not only lead to some neonatal period diseases, but also can increase the risk of developing asthma and other diseases in the future.The abnormal diversity and succession patterns of neonatal respiratory tract microbiome will increase the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, acute respiratory tract infection, and other diseases.Therefore, performing a deep study of the colonization and succession of the neonatal respiratory tract microbiome, and its association with neonatal diseases, are expected to provide evidence for prophylactic treatment and choose the best therapeutic time.