摘要目的 探讨右半结肠全结肠系膜切除术(CME)中相关系膜及系膜间隙局部解剖学特点,旨在为CME提供外科实用解剖学证据.方法 采用实验研究方法.由北京协和医学院解剖教研室提供成年尸体标本20具.临床手术图片来自首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院.尸体标本采用系膜灌注后行模拟CME的局部解剖.观察指标:(1)模拟CME中观察间位结肠系膜后叶融合筋膜脏层和壁层完整性.(2)系膜灌注溶液凝固后观察右半结肠系膜后叶融合筋膜脏层屏障作用.(3)右半结肠系膜根部血管分布和变异情况.结果 (1)模拟CME中观察间位结肠系膜后叶融合筋膜脏层和壁层完整性:间位结肠系膜后叶融合筋膜脏层、壁层及十二指肠前筋膜完整,并可见肠系膜上静脉及其后方的肠系膜上动脉.输尿管和生殖血管被肾筋膜覆盖,膜结构完整.20具尸体标本模拟CME完整切除标本与临床患者CME手术标本对照,均符合CME要求.(2)系膜灌注溶液凝固后观察右半结肠系膜后叶融合筋膜脏层屏障作用:右半结肠系膜后叶融合筋膜脏层结构完整,灌注溶液无渗出,且融合筋膜壁层结构保持完整,右侧输尿管和生殖血管均被肾筋膜完整覆盖.右半结肠系膜浆膜面保持完整,灌注溶液无渗出.(3)右半结肠系膜根部血管分布和变异情况:右半结肠主要血管系统为肠系膜上血管,包括肠系膜上动脉、肠系膜上静脉;主要分支为回结肠动脉、右结肠动脉、中结肠动脉、中结肠动脉右支、中结肠动脉左支、回结肠静脉、中结肠静脉、胃结肠干.胃结肠干和右结肠动脉主干变异多见.结论 间位结肠系膜后叶融合筋膜可分离出完整脏层筋膜,为遵循CME原则的右半结肠癌手术安全性和根治性提供了解剖学证据.

abstractsObjective To investigate the local anatomical characteristics of the associated membrane and mesangial space in the complete mesocolic excision (CME) of right hemicolectomy and provide the surgical practical anatomical evidence to CME.Methods The experimental study was conducted.Department of Anatomy of Capital Medical University provided 20 adult cadavers.The surgical pictures came from Beijing Friendship Hospital of Capital Medical University.The local anatomy of CME in 20 cadavers was simulated after fascia perfusion.Observation indicators:(1) the local anatomy of the visceral fascia and parietal fascia was studied by simulating the operation of CME in cadaver specimens;(2) observing the integrity and barrier action of the visceral layer of the membrane after fascia perfusion solution freezing;(3) distribution and variation of superior vessels of rightsemi mesocolon.Results (1) The local anatomy of the visceral fascia and parietal fascia was studied by simulating the operation of CME in cadaver specimens:posterior lobe of the interposition mesocolon merged completely with visceral fascia,parietal fascia and front fascia of duodenum,and superior mesenteric vein (SMV) and superior mesenteric artery (SMA) were found.The ureters and reproductive vessels were covered with Gerota fascia,with a complete membrane structure.The specimens from simulated CME in 20 adult cadavers and CME of right hemicolectomy accorded with a requirement of CME.(2) Observing the integrity and barrier action of the visceral layer of the membrane after fascia perfusion solution freezing:posterior lobe of the right-semi mesocolon merged completely with visceral fascia,with a complete parietal fascia structure and without exudation of fascia perfusion solution.The right ureter and reproductive vessels were completely covered with Gerota fascia.The serosal surface of right-semi mesocolon maintained integity,with exudation of fascia perfusion solution.(3) Distribution and variation of superior vessels of right-semi mesocolon:major blood vessels of right-semi colon included superior mesenteric vessels,including SMA and SMV.The major branches of vessels included ileocolic artery,right colic artery,middle colic artery,right and left branches of middle colic artery,ileocolic vein,middle colic vein and gastrocolic stem.The gastrocolic stem and main stem of right colic artery had more variations.Conclusion The posterior lobe of the interposition mesocolon merges with fascia,and complete visceral fascia,can be separated,these provide anatomical evidences for safety and radical resection of right hemicolectomy based on following the principles of CME.