摘要目的 探讨无创通气下经微管气管内注入肺表面活性物质(less invasive surfactant administration,LISA)技术与气管插管-注入肺表面活性物质(pulmonary surfactant,PS)-拔管后经鼻持续气道正压通气(intubation-surfactant-extubation,INSURE)技术在早产儿呼吸窘迫综合征(respiratory distress syndrome,RDS)患儿中应用的疗效.方法 采用前瞻性研究方法,选取2016年1月至2017年1月济宁医学院附属医院新生儿监护室收治的RDS早产儿为研究对象.应用随机数字表法分为LISA组和INSURE组.LISA组在无创通气下经喉镜气管内置入吸痰管并注入PS;INSURE组气管插管内注入PS,拔管后给予无创通气.观察两组患儿插管时间、给药时及给药后指标、氧疗时间及近远期并发症情况.结果 研究期间共纳入RDS早产儿145例,胎龄27～34周,出生体重(1 650±480)g,范围890～3 320 g,其中轻度RDS(胸部X线片Ⅰ～Ⅱ级)41例,重度RDS(胸部X线片Ⅲ～Ⅳ级)104例;LISA组76例,INSURE组69例.两组插管时间、经皮氧分压下降范围、心动过缓发生率、再次使用PS比例、机械通气时间、用氧时间、呼吸暂停发生率及其他近远期并发症发生率差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).LISA组给药后药物反流发生率高于INSURE组[(46.1％(35/76)比29.0％ (20/69)],生后72h机械通气比例低于INSURE组[13.2％(10/76)比27.5％(19/69)],支气管肺发育不良发生率低于INSURE组[6.6％(5/76)比17.4％(12/69)],差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 与INSURE技术相比,LISA技术能够减少RDS新生儿有创通气时间,降低支气管肺发育不良发生率,是一种安全有效的治疗新生儿RDS的方法.

abstractsObjective To compare the efficacy of less invasive surfactant administration (LISA) and intubation-surfactant-extubation to CPAP (INSURE) techniques in premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS).Method From January 2016 to January 2017,premature infants with RDS admitted to our hospital were prospectively and randomly assigned into the LISA group and the INSURE group.A 6F suction tube was used to drip pulmonary surfactant (PS) into the trachea with non-invasive respiratory support in the LISA group.INSURE technique and endotracheal intubation with surfactant administration were used in the INSURE group.The following indicators were examined:the time needed for intubation,the change of percutaneous oxygen partial pressure and the incidence of bradycardia during administration,regurgitation after administration,oxygen therapy duration,mechanical ventilation duration,re-administration of PS and apnea.Secondary indicators included the incidences of pneumothorax,pulmonary hemorrhage,neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC),intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH),bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD),preterm retinopathy (ROP),and periventricular leukomalacia (PVL).Result A total of 145 cases were included including 76 in LISA group and 69 in INSURE group.The gestational age was 27～34 weeks.The birth weight was (1 650±480) g.No statistically significant differences existed between the two groups on the time needed for intubation,the change of percutaneous oxygen partial pressure,mechanical ventilation duration,oxygen therapy duration,the incidence of bradycardia,re-administration of PS,apnea and other complications (P＞0.05).Statistically significant differences existed in the incidence of regurgitation (46.1％ in LISA group vs.29.0％ in INSURE group),mechanical ventilation within 72 hours (13.2％ in LISA group vs.27.5％ in INSURE group) and the incidence of BPD (6.6％ in LISA group vs.17.4％ in INSURE group) (P＜0.05).Conclusion Compared with INSURE,LISA technique is effective for the treatment of RDS and reduce invasive ventilation duration and the occurrence of BPD.