摘要目的:探讨宫内缺氧对新生大鼠肠道菌群的影响。方法:构建大鼠宫内缺氧模型，采集生后首日及第7日宫内缺氧及正常新生大鼠肠道内容物，分为对照1 d组、对照7 d组、宫内缺氧1 d组、宫内缺氧7 d组，应用高通量测序技术对4组样本进行16S rRNA基因测序，对测序结果进行生物信息分析，比较组间菌群多样性、丰富度及组成结构的差异。结果:（1）宫内缺氧1 d组肠道菌群Alpha多样性高于对照1 d组，代表菌群丰富度的sobs指数（114.5±35.6比50.5±21.3）、chao指数（135.6±38.5比73.9±28.8）大于对照1 d组，差异有统计学意义（ P<0.05）；宫内缺氧7 d组sobs、ace、chao、simpson指数低于对照7 d组，shannon指数高于对照7 d组，但差异均无统计学意义（ P>0.05）。（2）门和属水平上，宫内缺氧1 d组优势菌群分别为厚壁菌门和链球菌属，对照1 d组分别为变形菌门和埃希志贺氏菌属。宫内缺氧7 d组与对照7 d组之间肠道菌群的差异较首日两组之间的差异有所减小；与宫内缺氧1 d组相比，宫内缺氧7 d组埃希志贺氏菌属占比增加，链球菌属占比降低。 结论:宫内缺氧改变了新生大鼠肠道菌群的初始定植，影响了新生大鼠肠道菌群的丰富度及结构组成。

abstractsObjective:To study the differences of intestinal flora between neonatal rats with intrauterine hypoxia and healthy neonatal rats using high-throughput sequencing technology to determine the effects of intrauterine hypoxia on neonatal intestinal flora.Methods:Intrauterine hypoxia model were established in neonatal rats. On d1 and d7 after birth, intestinal samples were collected from intrauterine hypoxic group and normal control group and assigned into INH1 group (intrauterine hypoxia d1), INH7 group (intrauterine hypoxia d7), NOR1 group (normal control d1) and NOR7 group (normal control d7). 16S rRNA sequencing were conducted using these samples and the differences in the diversity, richness and composition of the flora among the groups were compared.Results:(1) The Alpha diversity of the intestinal flora in the INH1 group was higher than the NOR1 group. Specifically, both sobs and chao indices, representing the richness of the flora, in INH1 group were significantly higher than the NOR1 group (sobs index: 114.5±35.6 vs. 50.5±21.3, chao index: 135.6±38.5 vs. 73.9±28.8)( P<0.05). Compared with the NOR7 group, the mean values of sobs, ace, chao, simpson and shannon indices in the INH7 group showed no significant differences ( P>0.05). (2) At the phylum and genus level, the dominant bacterial groups in the intrauterine hypoxia group on d1 were firmicutes and streptococcus and proteus and escherichia for the normal control group. The difference of intestinal flora between intrauterine hypoxia group and the normal control group on d7 was smaller than the difference between the two groups on d1. Compared with INH1 group, the INH7 group had increased escherichia composition and decreased streptococcus composition. Conclusions:Intrauterine hypoxia changes the initial colonization and later affects the abundance and structural composition of the intestinal flora in newborn rats.