摘要目的:分析ATP敏感性钾通道型先天性高胰岛素血症(K ATP-HI)患儿的临床特征及遗传学特征。 方法:选取2002年2月至2018年12月间首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院收治的45例经遗传学确诊为K ATP-HI的患儿及其家系为研究对象，对患儿的临床特征、诊疗过程、致病基因突变情况和后期随访等资料进行回顾性分析。应用二代测序技术对K ATP-HI相关致病基因ABCC8和KCNJ11进行测序分析。 结果:45例K ATP-HI患儿中，新生儿期发病34例(75.6%)，21例(46.7%)首发症状为抽搐。39例应用二氮嗪治疗，其中12例(30.8%)有效，16例(41.0%)无效，11例疗效不明确。对二氮嗪治疗疗效不确定或无效的患者中18例进一步应用奥曲肽治疗，其中13例(72.2%)有效，3例无效，2例疗效不明确。10例因药物治疗无效或18氟-左旋多巴正电子发射计算机断层扫描( 18F-DOPA PET)明确为局灶型病变患儿行外科手术治疗，其中8例行胰腺部分切除术，术后血糖均恢复正常；2例行次全胰腺切除术治疗，术后均继发糖尿病。45例K ATP-HI患儿中1例同时携带ABCC8和KCNJ11突变；10例携带ABCC8复合杂合突变；34例携带ABCC8或KCNJ11单基因突变，其中父系遗传的K ATP-HI患儿21例，母系遗传的K ATP-HI患儿3例，新生突变的K ATP-HI患儿6例。 结论:二氮嗪治疗对多数K ATP-HI患儿无效，而奥曲肽治疗有效率更高。局灶型病变的患儿行胰腺部分切除术治疗具有较高的治愈率，次全胰腺切除术后有继发糖尿病的风险，故术前明确患儿的胰腺组织学类型极为重要。ABCC8和KCNJ11基因突变是K ATP-HI的主要致病基因，携带ABCC8或KCNJ11单个基因突变的K ATP-HI患者中，以父系遗传者占多数。部分K ATP-HI患儿低血糖症状可自行缓解。

abstractsObjective:To analyze clinical characteristics and genetic characteristics of children with ATP sensitive potassium passage (K ATP-HI). Methods:Forty-five children with genetically confirmed K ATP-HI and their families admitted to Beijing Children′s Hospital of Capital Medical University between February 2002 and December 2018 were selected as the study subjects. A detailed retrospective analysis of the patient's clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment process, disease-causing gene carrying status and later follow-up data was performed. ABCC8/KCNJ11 gene was sequenced by second-generation sequencing technology. Results:Among 45 children with K ATP-HI, 34 cases (75.6%) were neonatal onset, the first symptoms of 21 cases (46.7%) were convulsions. 39 cases had been treated with diazoxide, including 12 cases (30.8%) with good efficacy, 16 cases (41%) with poor efficacy and 11 cases with uncertain efficacy. Octreotide was further applied in 18 patients with uncertain or ineffective efficacy after diazoxide treatment, and 13 cases (72.2%) were effective, 3 cases were ineffective, and 2 cases were uncertain. 10 CHI patients who were ineffective to drug treatment or had clearly focal lesions confirmed by 18F-dopa positron emission by computed tomography ( 18F-DOPA PET) scans had undergone surgical treatment, 8 of which underwent partial pancreatectomy and blood glucose returned to normal after the operation; the other 2 cases underwent subtotal pancreatectomy and both had secondary diabetes after operation. Among 45 children with K ATP-HI, 1 case carried both ABCC8 and KCNJ11 mutations, 10 cases carried ABCC8 compound heterozygous mutations, and the remaining 34 cases carried ABCC8/KCNJ11 single genetic mutation. Among them, 21 cases had paternal inheritance, and 3 cases had maternal inheritance, 6 cases were identified with de novo mutations. Conclusions:Diazoxide treatment was ineffective for most K ATP-HI children, but octreotide had a higher effective rate. Partial pancreatectomy for focal type patients had a higher cure rate, and there was a risk of secondary diabetes after subproximal pancreatectomy, so it was very important to clarify the histological type of children before surgery. ABCC8 gene mutations and KCNJ11 gene mutations were the main pathogenic genes of K ATP-HI. Among patients carrying mutations in single ABCC8 or KCNJ11 gene mutation, K ATP-HI inherited by paternity were the majority. Some K ATP-HI children can relieve the hypoglycemia symptoms by themselves.