摘要目的 了解我国西南地区干辣椒氟水平,为辣椒氟污染防治措施的制订提供参考依据.方法 从我国西南9个地区76个县(市)的市场、农户家采集干辣椒样品,记录其干燥方式、储存时间;按照Bailey标准进行分类,用离子选择电极法测定辣椒总含氟量,用水浸超声法和酸性超声法测定辣椒中氟的赋存状态即含水溶性氟和酸溶性氟的量.根据辣椒的品种、部位、干燥方式、储存时间以及氟的赋存状态,对干辣椒样品的测定数据进行分析.结果 共采集干辣椒样品296个,含氟量(几何均数)为19.6 mg/kg.辣椒样品分为樱桃椒、圆锥椒、长椒、簇生椒4种,含氟量范围分别为1.7～233.4、3.4～367.3、2.0～380.3、3.9～104.0 mg/kg,含氟量(几何均数)由高到低依次为樱桃椒(25.9 mg/kg)、长椒(20.3 mg/kg)、圆锥椒(19.5 mg/kg)、簇生椒(15.3 mg/kg).干辣椒中含水溶性氟为15.2 mg/kg,约占全氟的77.5%(15.2/19.6);酸溶性氟为18.2 mg/kg,占全氟的93.0%(18.2/19.6).不同干燥方式、贮存时间干辣椒含氟量(几何均数)由低到高依次为当年晒干(1Q9mg/kg)、往年晒干(13.7mg/kg)、当年煤火烘干(21.4 mg/kg)、往年煤火烘干(53.9 mg/kg).结论 辣椒的干燥与储存方式不当是导致辣椒氟污染的主要原因.

abstractsObjective To determine the fluoride contents in dried chilies in Southwest China to provide the basis for the prevention of the fluoride contamination in chili.Methods The dried chili samples collected from the markets and farmers in 76 counties of 9 regions in Southwest China.Their dehydration methods and storage time were investigated.These dried chilies were classified by Bailey'Criteria.The total fhorine content in chili were determined with ion wlective electrodes,fluoride forms with acid-soluble ultrasonic and water-soluble ultrasonic methods,Based on the differences of chili variety,edible part,dehydration method,storage time and fluoride form, a systemic statistics of the fluoride content in dried chili Was established.Results Theere were 296 dried chili samples collected from 76 counties of 9 regions.The geometric mean of fluoride content in dried chili was 19.6 mg/kg;The dried chili samples were classified into 4 types:cherry chili,corn chili,long chili and cluster chili; their ranges of fluoride content in cherry chili,corn chili,long chili and cluster chili Were 1.7～233.4,3.4～ 367.3,2.0～380.3,3.9～104.0 mg/kg,respectively,and the high to low sequence of fluoride content was cherry chili(25.9 mg/kg),long chili(20.3 mg/kg),corn chili(19.5 mg/kg) and cluster chili(15.3 mg/kg).The waler- soluble fluoride content in dried chili about 27.9 mg/kg occupies 77.5%(15.2/19.6)of total fluoride content and the acid-soluble fluoride content about 33.5 mg/kg reached as high as 93.0%(1 8.2/19.6).The high to low sequence of fluoride content in dried chili Was the sun-dried stored less than 1 year(10.9 mg/kg),the sun-dried stored more than 1 year(13.7 mg/kg),the fumace-dried stored less than 1 year(21.4 mg/kg),the fumace-dried stored more than 1 year(53.9 rag/ks).Conclusions The research shows that inappropriate dehydration method and storage time are the two main reasons leading to fluoride contamination in chili.