摘要目的 探讨黑龙江省克山病病区居民对克山病的知晓情况及其影响因素.方法 选择克山病国家监测点黑龙江省富裕县繁荣乡永进村为调查点,采用自行设计的调查问卷进行入户调查.问卷内容包括被调查者的人口学资料(性别、年龄、文化程度等)、克山病相关知识调查(克山病预防措施中饮食多样化、合理化、补充微量元素硒、防止微生物感染等,克山病诱因相关知识中气候变化、过度疲劳、感冒、受到精神刺激、暴饮暴食)和克山病患者采取控制措施(患者按医嘱服药、调理饮食、适量运动等控制措施)3个方面.结果 克山病病区居民对克山病名称的知晓率为77.6%(272/352),而对克山病的预防措施和诱因相关知识知晓率分别为29.7%(81/272)、30.8%(84/272);克山病患者中对克山病预防措施和诱因的知晓率分别为6/17、9/17;影响克山病名称知晓率的因素有性别、文化程度和职业(χ2值分别为9.838、9.878、12.462,P均<0.05),影响克山病预防措施知晓率的因素有性别和文化程度(χ2值分别为7.400、20.251,P均<0.05).结论 病区居民对克山病预防措施和诱因的知晓率较低,影响克山病知晓率的主要因素是性别和文化程度.

abstractsObjective To explore the inhabitants' knowledge about Keshan disease(KD) in endemic area in Heilongjiang Province and analyze its influencing factors. Methods Yongjin Village, a national KD monitoring site in Fanrong Township of Fuyu County in Heilongjiang Province,was selected as an investigating spot. Specially designed questionnaire was applied in the investigation, which included three aspects, demographical information (gender, age, educational level, etc.), KD-related knowledge survey (KD prevention measures including a healthy diet supplementing selenium, preventing microbial infection, inducers such as climate change, fatigue, cold, mental shock, overeating) and KD controlling measures (take prescribed medicine, dietetic regulation and regular exercise, etc.) Results Seventy-senven point six percent(272/352) knew the disease by the name in the endemic area, while only 29.7% (81/272)and 30.8% (84/272)were aware the preventive measures and inducers , respectively. The awareness rates of KD preventive measures and inducers among the KD patients were 6/17 and 9/17 respectively. The influencing factors of the awareness rate of KD name were gender, vocation and the state of education (χ2 value were 9.838,9.878,12.462, all P < 0.05). However, factors influencing the awareness rates of preventive measures were gender and the state of education(χ2 value were 7.400,20.251, both P < 0.05). Conclusions The awareness rates of KD preventive measures and inducers axe low in the endemic area. The major factors influencing the awareness rate of KD are gender and the educational degree.