摘要目的 分析1990 - 2010年青海省青南高原、祁连山-河湟谷地、柴达木盆地三类地形区终末和中间宿主棘球绦虫或棘球蚴感染情况,为青海高原棘球蚴病防治工作提供参考依据.方法 采用寄生虫形态学方法鉴定终末宿主犬、狐狸和狼棘球绦虫感染情况；家养及野生中间宿主棘球蚴感染情况调查采用解剖学和病理学方法鉴定,并对部分可疑病灶采用分子生物学方法进行虫种鉴定.结果 青南高原、祁连山-河湟谷地、柴达木盆地三类地形区无主犬均存在细粒棘球绦虫感染,其感染率分别为38.71％( 300/775)、49.60％( 124/250)、9.76％(4/41),不同地形区间比较,差异有统计学意义(x2=25.72,P＜ 0.01),另外,仅有青南高原的无主犬存在多房棘球绦虫感染,感染率为16.04％(98/611)；青南高原、祁连山-河湟谷地的狐狸多房棘球绦虫感染率分别为22.89％(38/166)、30.77％(12/39),且两地的狼存在细粒棘球绦虫感染.上述三类地形区家养绵羊、牦牛、山羊和猪棘球蚴感染率比较,差异有统计学意义(x2值分别为82.70、41.82、212.63、194.58,P均＜0.01)；且三类地形区家养绵羊、牦牛棘球蚴感染率[43.43％(5664/13 042)、49.47％(2917/5896),52.99％(887/1674)、42.18％(779/1847),50.70％(1049/2069)、52.90％(685/1295)]均处于较高水平,青南高原家养山羊和猪棘球蚴感染率[3.26％(7/215)、0.00％(0/108)]明显低于祁连山-河湟谷地、柴达木盆地[19.51％(119/610)、26.91％(43/1598),47.91％(343/716)、21.91％(71/324)].上述三类地形区野生高原鼠兔棘球蚴感染率分别为6.21％(243/3910)、1.80％(3/167)、0.00％(0/199),三类地形区间比较,差异有统计学意义(x2=18.50,P＜0.01),仅在青南高原发现青海田鼠、灰尾兔、岩羊、藏原羚、黄羊棘球蚴感染.结论 青海高原三类地形区的人群感染细粒和多房棘球蚴病的压力来自不同终末宿主,而无主犬是造成人群棘球蚴病的关键传染源;各种终末宿主和家养、野生中间宿主之间具有复杂的生活史循环链,提示青海高原是我国棘球蚴病防控的重点地区,其防治任务十分艰巨.

abstractsObjective To analyze Echinococcus infection in definitive and intermediate hosts in different zones of Qinghai plateau,Qinghai southern plateau,Qilian mountain-Hehuang valley and Chaidamu basin,and to provide a scientific basis for developing control strategies against Echinococcosis infection. Methods Echinococcosis infection in definitive hosts,dogs and foxes,was identified by morphological observation; in domesticated and wild intermediate host animals was identified by anatomy and pathology; some of the suspected samples were further identified by molecular biological methods.Results Stray dogs in different zones of Qinghai plateau were infected with Echinococcus granulosus,the infection rates were 38.71％(300/775),49.60％(124/250),and 9.76％(4/41 ) in Qinghai southem plateau,Qilian mountain-Hehuang valley and Chaidamu basin,respectively,and the difference was statistically significant(x2 =25.72,P ＜ 0.01 ).in addition,only Qinghai southern plateau dogs were infected with Echinococcus multiloularis,and the infection rate was 16.04％(98/611).The infection rates of fox with Echinococcus multilocularis were 22.89％(38/166) and 30.77％(12/39) in Qinghai southern plateau and Qilian mountain-Hehuang valley,respectively,and wolves were also found to be infected with Echinococcus granulosus in the same areas.The infection rates of domesticated sheep,yaks,goats and pigs with Echinococcosis were significantly different statistically in those different areas(x2 =82.70,41.82,212.63,194.58,all P ＜ 0.01 ).The infection rates of sheep and yaks were higher[43.43％(5664/13 042),49.47％(2917/5896),52.99％ (887/1674),42.18％ (779/1847),50.70％ (1049/2069),52.90％ (685/1295) ] in three areas.The infection rates of goats and pigs [3.26％ (7/215),0.00％ (0/108)] in Qinghai southern plateau were lower than that of other two areas[ 19.51％(119/610),26.91％(43/1598),47.91％(343/716),21.91％(71/324)].The infection rates of Ochotona curzoniae with Echinococcosis were 6.21％ (243/3910),1.80％ (3/167) and 0.00％ (0/199) in Qinghai southern plateau,Qilian mountain-Hehuang valley and Chaidamu basin,respectively,and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =18.50,P ＜ 0.01 ).Moreover,wild intermediate hosts of Echinococcosis,such as Microtus fuscus,Lepus oiostolus,Pseudois nayaur,Procapra picticaudata,and Prodorcas gutturosa were found to be infected only in Qinghai southern plateau.Conclusions Human is faced with a threat of Echinococcosis infection from various definitive hosts in different zones of Qinghai plateau.And stray dogs are the most crucial factor.The life-cycles of Echinococcus are very complicated in Qinghai plateau.Qinghai plateau is a key area in prevention and control of Echinococcosis infection in China.