摘要目的 观察经氟铝单独、联合染毒的大鼠血清、骨、尿中的氟含量变化,分析不同剂量的铝对大鼠的氟蓄积量和氟排泄量的影响及其机制.方法 采用3×3析因设计方法,氟和铝各分3个水平,其中氟离子(F-)水平分别为0、50、200 mg/L,铝离子(Al3+)水平分别为0、100、200 mg/L.将雄性Wistar大鼠按体质量随机分成9组,饮水中添加氟和铝,实验期内动物自由进食,饲养18周后以出现明显氟斑牙为模型复制成功的判定指标.采集大鼠的血清、骨样、尿样,测定其中的氟含量.结果 氟对大鼠血清、骨、尿中的氟含量有影响(F值分别为166.74、577.81、160.96,P均＜0.01).氟和铝对血氟、骨氟、尿氟的影响具有交互作用(F值分别为7.95、5.13、6.94,P均＜0.01).当氟水平为50 mg/L时,铝水平为0、100 mg/L组的血清氟含量[(0.08±0.03)、(0.08±0.02)mg/L]高于200 mg/L组[(0.04±0.01)mg/L,F值分别为7.14、5.78,P均＜0.05].水氟水平为50mg/L时,铝水平为0 mg/L组时骨氟含量[(1996.53±383.73 )mg/kg]高于100、200 mg/L组[(1252.51±189.08)、(1160.63±129.63)mg/kg,F值分别为20.54、24.56,P均＜0.01]；当氟水平为200 mg/L时,随着给铝剂量的增加,骨氟含量依次降低,分别为(4668.70±887.67)、(3920.30±528.31)、(3297.64±396.04)mg/kg,任意两组间比较,差异均有统计学意义(F值分别为15.59、52.31、14.38,P均＜0.01).当氟水平为50 mg/L时,铝水平为0 mg/L组的尿氟含量[(34.054±9.30)mg/L]高于100、200 mg/L组[(14.81±6.32)、(14.67±3.42)mg/L,F值分别为25.30、24.32,P均＜0.01];当氟水平为200 mg/L时,铝水平为0、100 mg/L组的尿氟含量[(57.14±21.38)、(51.75±8.39)mg/L]高于200 mg/L组[(34.84±9.30)mg/L,F值分别为30.04、20.31,P均＜0.01].结论 铝对氟有拮抗作用,且随着铝剂量的升高,拮抗作用加强.氟铝比例为1∶2时,铝即能较有效的拮抗氟地吸收.

abstractsObjective To observe the changes of fluoride content in serum,bone and urine after rats were exposed to single fluoride,single aluminum or fluoride combined with aluminum and to investigate the effects of different doses of aluminum on fluoride accumulation and excretion in rats.Methods Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 9 groups based on 3 × 3 factorial design.Different doses of fluoride(NaF,0,50,200 mg/L)and(or) aluminum(AlCl3,0,100,200 mg/L) were administered to rats in each group by drinking water.The rats took food and water ad libitum during the experimental period.After feeding for 18 weeks,rats with obvious dental fluorosis were determined as successful establishment of animal model.The fluoride content in the serum,bones and urine were measured.Results Fluoride affected the fluoride content in serum,bones and urine(F=166.74,577.81,160.96,all P ＜ 0.01 ).The interaction of fluoride and aluminum on serum,bone and urinary fluoride were statistically significant (F =7.95,5.13,6.94,all P ＜ 0.01 ).When the fluoride level was 50 mg/L,the serum fluoride contents were [ (0.08 ± 0.03) and (0.08 ± 0.02) mg/L] in the aluminum levels of 0 and 100 mg/L groups,which was higher than that of the aluminum level of 200 mg/L group[ (0.04 ± 0.01)mg/L,F=7.14,5.78.all P＜ 0.05].The bone fluoride content in the 0 mg/L aluminum level group[ (1996.53 ± 383.73) mg/kg] was higher than that of the 100 and 200 mg/L groups[(1252.51 ± 189.08),( 1160.63 ± 129.63) mg/kg,F=20.54,24.56,all P ＜ 0.01 ].When the fluoride level was 200 mg/L,the bone fluoride contents were decreased with the increasing doses of aluminum[ (4668.70 ± 887.67),(3920.30 ± 528.31 ),(3297.64 ± 396.04) mg/kg].Between any two groups,the differences were statistically significant (F =15.59,52.31,14.38,all P ＜ 0.01 ).When the fluoride level was 50 mg/L,the urinary fluoride content in the 0 mg/L aluminum level group[ (34.054 ± 9.30)mg/L] was higher than that of the 100,200 mg/L groups[( 14.81 ± 6.32),(14.67 ± 3.42) mg/L,F =25.30,24.32,all P ＜ 0.01 ].When the fluoride level was 200 mg/L,the urinary fluoride contents in the 0,100 mg/L aluminum level groups[ (57.14 ± 21.38),(51.75 ± 8.39)mg/L] were higher than that of the 200 mg/L group[(34.839 ± 9.30) mg/L,F=30.04,20.31,all P ＜ 0.01 ].Conclusions Aluminum is an antagonist of fluoride.The antagonism could be enhanced as the dose of aluminum increased.In this study,aluminum could effectively counteract the absorption of fluoride in rat model when the ratio of fluoride to aluminum is 1 ∶ 2.