摘要目的 评价贵州省燃煤型地方性砷中毒(地砷病)病区实施综合防治后,燃煤砷对食物含砷量的影响.方法 于2011年,根据贵州省地砷病历史资料,选择2005年实施综合防治后的兴义、兴仁和安龙3个病区县的25个病区村为调查点.根据家中煤样来源的不同,每村每种煤样选择5户居民作为调查对象.采集调查对象家中日常用煤及辣椒、玉米进行含砷量测定.根据《地方性砷中毒病区划分标准》(WS 277-2007)中的规定,按测定后的家中煤含砷量的高低,将被调查的居民分为低危险因素组(煤砷含量≤40 mg/kg)和高危险因素组(煤砷含量＞ 40 mg/kg),分析两组家庭食物砷暴露的风险.将调查结果与综合防治前1991年的调查结果进行比较.煤样测定采用氢化物发生-原子吸收法,玉米和辣椒测定采用氢化物原子荧光光度法.结果 在3个病区县的25个病区村共检测煤样125份,平均含砷量为30.54 mg/kg;检测辣椒样125份,平均含砷量为0.25 mg/kg;检测玉米样125份,平均含砷量为0.20 mg/kg.辣椒高、低危险因素调查组间比较差异有统计学意义(Z=-2.261,P＜0.05).病区煤、玉米、辣椒中平均含砷量与1991年(472.49、5.28、586.60mg/kg)比较,明显降低(Z=-9.15、-11.93、-9.94,P均＜0.05).结论 综合防治在防控砷污染物方面取得了预期成效,地砷病病区粮食污染显著降低,部分达到国家污染物限量标准要求,应持续坚持病区防控的后期管理工作.

abstractsObjective To evaluate the influence of coal arsenic on food arsenic after implementing comprehensive control measures in coal-burning-borne epidemic arsenism areas of Guizhou province.Methods In 2011,according to the history of arsenic disease of Guizhou province,25 diseased villages from Xingyi,Xingren,Anlong counties that had carried out comprehensive prevention and control measures in 2005 were choosen.Because of the different sources of coal sample,5 families,which used the same coal,were selected for the survey in each village.The levels of arsenic in coal,pepper and corn were measured.According to the provisions of "Define and Division Standard for Endemic Arsenism" (WS 277-2007),the residents surveyed were divided into two groups by the level of arsenic:low-risk group(≤40 mg/kg) and high-risk group(＞ 40 mg/kg).The risk of arsenic exposure between the two groups was analyzed.Arsenic in coal samples was determined by hydride-atomic absorption method and in corn and pepper by hydride atomic fluorescence spectrophotometry.Results In 25 diseased villages,a total of 125 coal samples were tested,and the mean contents of arsenic was 30.54 mg/kg; 125 capsicum samples were tested,and the mean contents of arsenic was 0.25 mg/kg; 125 corn samples were tested,and the mean contents of arsenic was 0.20 mg/kg.Difference between low risk and high risk groups of capsicum arsenic was statistically significant(Z =-2.261,P ＜ 0.05).Compared with 1991,the the mean contents of coal,pepper and corn arsenic(472.49,5.28,586.60 mg/kg) in arsenic diseased areas was significantly reduced(Z =-9.15,-11.93,-9.94,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Comprehensive prevention and control measures have achieved the expected results in prevention and control of arsenic pollution.Food arsenic contamination is significantly reduced in diseased areas,and partially met the standard requirements of National Pollutant Limits.The work of prevention and control should be continued.