摘要目的 研究人群尿碘变化与居民食用碘盐变化的特点,提出适宜的食盐加碘浓度.方法 食盐加碘前(1994年),抽样检测销售食盐盐碘和儿童尿碘；食盐加碘后对碘盐生产、销售(2001-2010年)、居民户(1997-2010年)抽样检测盐碘.1997-2005年,以人口比例抽样法(PPS)抽取8～ 10岁儿童尿碘,2009年以县为单位按东、西、南、北、中5个方位各抽取1所小学20名儿童检测尿碘；以食盐加碘前盐碘和尿碘为基础,计算尿碘与盐碘之间的相关关系,提出适宜的食盐加碘浓度；采用x2检验、趋势分析(F)进行数据的统计分析.结果 食盐加碘前:检测销售食用盐204份,均不含碘,检测儿童尿样1374人,尿碘中位数为53.14 μg/L.食盐加碘后:碘盐生产和批发平均碘含量为29.72～36.25mg/kg和30.65～ 36.13mg/kg,自2001年至2010年均呈下降趋势(F=35.35、140.59,P均＜0.01)；碘盐生产批质量合格率除2001年为92.86％外,其余(2002-2010年)均为100.00％,碘盐销售批质量合格率为88.68％ ～ 99.77％,以2001 (88.68％)、2002 (92.57％)和2003(96.22％)年为低,其余年间差异无统计学意义(P均＞ 0.05)；尿碘中位数为238.80～ 328.00μg/L,尿碘＞300μg/L的占35％以上；盐碘增加1 mg/kg,尿碘上升5.51 ～ 7.40μg/L;2009年40个区(县)儿童尿碘中位数为140.05 ～ 383.00 μg/L；盐碘下调至20 mg/kg,人群尿碘中位数可保持在163.34～ 201.14μg/L.结论 重庆市食盐加碘后人群摄碘大于适宜量,将盐碘浓度下调至20 mg/kg,可保障各类人群碘营养需要.

abstractsObjective To analyze the characteristics of urinary iodine and edible iodized salt,and to provide suitable iodine concentration in iodized salt.Methods Sample testing was carried out to detect iodine concentration in marketed salt and child urine before salt iodization (1994).After salt iodization (2001-2010),sample testing was carried out to detect salt iodine level in manufacture,market(2001-2010) and resident household(1997-2010).Urine of children aged 8 to 10 were sampled by PPS method from 1997 to 2005.In 2009,urinary iodine of 20 children was determined in each of 5 schools,which were sampled from 5 counties located at North,South,East,West and center of Chongqing.Based on the urinary iodine and salt iodine levels before salt iodization,the relationship of urinary iodine and consumption of iodized salt was calculated.Suitable iodine concentration in iodized salt was put forward.x2 test and trend analyze approach(F-test) were used for statistical analysis.Results Before salt iodization,salt iodine level was not tested in 204 edible salt samples; the median of urinary iodine was 53.14 μg/L in 1374 children.After salt iodization,form 2001 to 2010,the average iodine levels in manufacture and wholesale salt were between 29.72-36.25 mg/kg and 30.65-36.13 mg/kg,respectively,both of them decreased significantly(F =35.35,140.59,all P ＜ 0.01),and show a downward trend.Batch quality passing rate of industry iodized salt was 100％ except in 2001,which was 92.86％.Batch quality passing rate of market iodized salt were between 88.68％-99.77％,specifically in 2001 (88.68％),in 2002(92.57％) and in 2003 (96.22％).There was no significant difference in other years (all P ＞ 0.05).The median of urinary iodine were between 238.80-328.00 μg/L,more than 35％ fall into ＞ 300 μg/L; while salt iodine increased 1 mg/kg,urinary iodine increased 5.51 μg/L-7.40 μg/L; The medium of urinary iodine of children were between 140.05-383.00 μg/L in 40 counties or districts in 2009.Reducing the iodine concentration in edible iodized salt to 20 mg/kg,the median of urinary iodine can be kept at 163.34 μg/L to 201.14 μg/L.Conclusions Iodine in iodized salt is above sufficient in Chongqing.Salt iodine should be reduced to 20 mg/kg,which will meet various population's need.