摘要目的 了解青海省儿童饮茶型氟中毒流行病学特征.方法 依据青海省2006年饮茶型氟中毒病区基础资料调查结果,于2010年采用现场流行病学调查方法,在青海省的28个县中,每个县抽取3个乡、1个镇,每个乡(镇)抽取1所小学,每所小学抽取全部8～ 12岁儿童进行调查,同时采集当地居民生活饮用水、砖茶水检测氟含量.水、尿、茶中氟含量采用氟离子选择电极法(WS/T89-1996)测定,儿童氟斑牙检查采用Dean法.结果 在青海省28个县,水氟含量平均为0.26 mg/L,水氟范围为0～ 1.00 mg/L;茶氟含量平均为1.96mg/L,茶氟范围为0.14～12.59mg/L.儿童尿氟中位数平均为1.14 mg/L,尿氟范围为0.03～9.84 mg/L;儿童日均饮砖茶水量为(587.09±237.02)ml,饮砖茶水量范围为0～7 000 ml;儿童日均饮砖茶摄氟量为1.15 mg,饮砖茶摄氟量范围为0～13.65 mg;儿童氟斑牙检出率为24.38％(3 012/12 355),氟斑牙指数为0.44.结论 饮茶型氟中毒在青海省8～ 12岁儿童中已呈现明显的流行态势,且分布范围广.虽病情程度较轻,但饮茶量随年龄增长呈递增趋势,应加强监测.

abstractsObjective To explore the epidemiological situation of drinking brick-tea fluorosis in Qinhai Province.Methods According to the survey results of drinking brick-tea fluorosis in Qinghai Province in 2006,an investigation was carried out inchildren aged 8-12 in 28 counties of Qinghai Province by the method of field epidemiology in 2010.In the 28 counties,three townships and one town were selected in each county; a primary school was selected in each township (town).Fluoride content of water,brick-tea and urine was determined by using a fluoride ion-selective electrode; dental fluorosis was diagnosed by Deans method.Results In 28 counties of Qinghai Province,the mean of water fluoride concentration was 0.26 mg/L and the rang was 0-1.00 mg/L; the mean of brick-tea fluoride concentration was 1.96 mg/L and the rang was 0.14-12.59 mg/L.Chidren's geometric mean of urinary fluorine concentration was 1.14 mg/L and the rang was 0.03-9.84 mg/L; the average amount of brick-tea water drank daily by each child was (587.09 ± 237.02)ml and the rang was 0-7 000 ml; children's daily fluoride intake from brick-tea was 1.15 mg and the rang was 0-13.65 mg.Chidren's detection rate of dental fluorosis was 24.38％(3 012/12 355),and the index of dental fluorosis was 0.44.Conclusions Drinking brick-tea fluorosis of children aged 8-12 in Qinghai Province has a epidemic trend.Although the state of the disease is not serious,it is widely distributed.The intake from brick-tea water has showed an increasing trend with increasing age,we should strengthen monitoring.