摘要目的 了解山东省饮水型地方性氟中毒病区的改水进度及降氟工程运行效果,为制定防治策略提供科学依据.方法 按照《山东省地方性氟中毒病区防治措施落实情况调查方案》的要求,了解全省的改水降 氟工程进度;对全省17个市全部改水降氟工程的水源类型、规模、运转状况进行调查;同时对正常运转的改水降氟工程进行水氟含量检测.水氟含量测定采用氟离子选择电极法.结果 ①截至2012年,山东省共建改水降氟工程3 539个,分布于17个市113个县(市、区),覆盖地方性氟中毒病区村9 856个,改水率为91.01％(9 856/10 830).改水降氟工程的水源类型主要为井水,占全部改水工程的93.78％(3 319/3 539).工程规模主要以小型集中供水工程为主,占全部工程的92.96％(3 290/3 539).②在全部改水降氟工程中,正常运转的工程占89.12％(3 154/3 539),间歇运转的工程占3.25％(115/3 539),报废的工程占7.63％(270/3 539).③在正常 运转的改水降氟工程中,水氟≤1.20 mg/L的工程1 925个,占72.40％(1 925/2659);水氟＞1.20 mg/L的工程734个,占27.60％(734/2 659),其中水氟在2.01～ 4.00 mg/L和4.00 mg/L以上的工程分别为233个和65个,水氟最大值为9.71 mg/L.结论 山东省部分市(县)的改水进度仍然比较缓慢,部分工程不能正常运转或已报废,且部分改水工程水氟超标严重,今后应进一步强化防控措施,加大经费投入,进一步改善改水降氟工程的运行状况和水质质量.

abstractsObjective To understand the schedule and effectiveness of water-improving defluoridation projects comprehensively of control of fluorosis in drinking-water-borne endemic fluorosis areas in Shandong Province,and to provide a scientific basis for making strategies for prevention and control of the disease.Methods In accordance with the requirements of "Shandong Provincial Survey Scheme for Implementation of Prevention and Control Measures of Endemic Fluorosis",the progress of water-improving defluoridation projects was investigated in Shandong Province.The types of water source,scale and operating conditions for water-improving defluoridation projects in 17 cities of the province were investigated.Water fluoride contents of the normal operating projects were detected by F-ion selective electrode.Results ① By the end of 2012,a total of 3 539 water-improving defluoridation projects were built that covered 9 856 fluorosis villages,113 counties,17 cities in the province,and the water-improving rate was 91.01％ (9 856/10 830).The type of water source of water-improving project was mainly groundwater,accounted for 93.78％ (3 319/3 539) of the total projects.As for the scale of the water-improving projects,small centralized water supply projects were the main projects,accounted for 92.96％(3 290/3 539) of the total projects.\)Of all the water-improving defluoridation projects,normal operating projects accounted for 89.12％(3 154/3 539),intermittent and scrapped projects accounted for 3.25％(115/3 539) and 7.63％ (270/3 539),respectively.③Among normal operating projects,the number of projects with water fluoride content ≤ 1.20 mg/L was 1 925,accounted for 72.40％(1 925/2 659).The number of projects with water fluoride content ＞ 1.20 mg/L was 734,accounted for 27.60％ (734/2 659); among them water fluoride contents between 2.01-4.00 mg/L and ＞ 4.00 mg/L were 233 and 65,respectively,and the highest water fluoride value was 9.71 mg/L.Conclusions The progress of water-improving projects in some cities (counties) of Shandong Province is still slow.Some of the water-improving projects can not be operated normally or have been scrapped,and water fluoride content has exceeded the standard seriously.So the prevention and control measures need to be further strengthened,funding should be increased,and the operating conditions and water quality of the water-improving defluoridation projects in Shandong need to be further improved.