摘要碘是人体必需的微量元素,主要通过合成甲状腺激素来体现其生理功能,碘缺乏与碘过量均可对人体健康造成不同程度的影响.我国实施普遍食盐加碘(USI)20年,碘缺乏病得到了有效地预防,然而碘过量问题逐渐引起了公众的关注.由于地理环境、个人饮食习惯和生理状况不同,确有可能使部分人群处于高碘暴露.近年来,国内外学者开展了一系列针对碘过量对人体健康影响的研究,其中较为明确的高碘所致健康问题有甲状腺肿、甲状腺功能亢进、甲状腺功能减退、自身免疫性甲状腺炎及甲状腺癌等.因此,在防治碘缺乏的同时应避免碘过量问题,从而实现“因地制宜、分类指导、科学补碘”的理想目标.

abstractsIodine is an essential trace element,its physiological function is realized through thyroid hormone,both iodine deficiency and excess have influences on human health.After 20-year implementation of universal salt iodization in China,the iodine deficiency disorders have been controlled effectively,while the problem of iodine excess emerged.Because of different geographical environment,dietary habits and physiological status,some people did exposed to high level of iodine.In recent years,domestic and foreign scholars carried out series of researches aiming at disclose the effects of iodine excess on human health.The health problems induced by high iodine intaking are goiter,hyperthyroidism,hypothyroidism,autoimmune thyroiditis and thyroid cancer et al.Therefore,when preventing and treating iodine deficiency,iodine excess should also be avoided,so as to achieve the ideal goal of "adjust measurements according to local conditions,classification guidance,and scientific iodine supplementation".