摘要目的 了解云南省饮水型地方性氟中毒的流行现状,评价防治效果,找出存在的问题,指导全省防治工作的深入开展.方法 2015年,在云南省14个饮水型地方性氟中毒病区县(市、区)的所有病区自然村,调查改水措施落实情况.采集改水工程末梢水水样,采用生活饮用水标准检验方法(GB/T 5750.5-2006)检测水氟含量.对在病区村出生并长大的所有8～12岁儿童进行氟斑牙检查,诊断依照《氟斑牙诊断》(WS/T 208-2011)标准进行.结果 全省143个病区自然村中,已改水村数138个,改水率为96.50％(138/143);正常使用村数127个,正常使用率为92.03％(127/138);共对126个改水工程进行水氟含量检测,水氟含量合格工程数120个,合格率为95.24％(120/126).共检查8～12岁儿童3 449人,检出氟斑牙患者138人,氟斑牙检出率为4.00％(138/3 449),氟斑牙指数为0.08.全省14个病区县(市、区)中,11个县(市、区)达到控制标准.结论 云南省饮水型地方性氟中毒病情已得到有效控制,但仍需加强改水工程的后期管理和病情监测工作.

abstractsObjective To investigate the epidemic situation of drinking-water-borne endemic fluorosis in Yunnan Province,to evaluate the effect of prevention and control measures,to find out existing problems,and to guide the development of prevention and control measures in Yunnan Province.Methods All villages in 14 drinking-water-borne endemic fluorosis areas were selected in Yunnan Province in 2015,in which the progress and effectiveness of water-improving and defluoridation projects were investigated.Fluoride content of drinking water was determined by standard test method for drinking water (GB/T 5750.5-2006),and dental fluorosis of all children aged 8 to 12 was examined.Dental fluorosis diagnosis was based on "Diagnostic Criteria for Endemic Skeletal Fluorosis"(WS/T 208-2011).Results In the 143 disease affected villages,the water improvement projects were completed in 138 villages with accomplishment rate 96.50％ (138/143),127 water improvement projects were normal operated with the normal operation rate 92.03％ (127/138).Totally 126 water improvement projects were tested for fluorine content and 120 of them were qualified with qualified rate 95.24％ (120/126).A total of 3 449 children aged 8 to 12 were monitored,the detection rate of dental fluorosis was 4.00％ (138/3 449),the dental fluorosis index was 0.08.Totally 11 out of the 14 disease affected counties had met the disease control standards.Conclusion The prevalence of drinking-water-borne endemic fluorosis in Yunnan Province has been under control,but management and monitoring of the water improvement projects still should be strengthened.