摘要目的 掌握青海省果洛州儿童饮茶型氟中毒流行现状.方法 依据果洛州饮茶型氟中毒的历史流行情况,2017年,在果洛州的5个县根据牧业区、农业区、半农半牧业区分层,每层抽取1个乡(镇),每个乡(镇)抽取1个病区自然村作为调查点.在每个调查点,采集当地居民生活饮用水,并抽取10户家庭,采集其茶样,同时对全部8～12岁儿童进行氟斑牙检查.水氟、砖茶氟测定采用离子选择电极法(GB/T 5750.5-2006、GB 19965-2005),氟斑牙采用《氟斑牙诊断》(WS/T 208-2011)标准进行诊断.结果 共检测85份生活饮用水,水氟含量均值为0.34 mg/L,范围为0.20～0.77 mg/L.共检测161份砖茶,砖茶氟含量均值为579 mg/kg,范围为110～1 278 mg/kg.日人均砖茶摄氟量为6.78 mg,其中喝茯砖茶的占73.29％(118/161).共调查8～12岁儿童2 083名,儿童氟斑牙检出率为22.85％(476/2 083),氟斑牙指数为0.42,流行程度较弱.结论 果洛州儿童有饮茶型氟中毒流行,病情流行程度较轻.

abstractsObjective To explore the prevalence state of drinking brick-tea type fluorosis in children in Guoluo Prefecture,Qinghai Province.Methods According to the historical prevalence of drinking tea-type fluorosis in Guoluo Prefecture,in 2017,in 5 counties of Guoluo Prefecture,according to the pastoral area,agricultural area,semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral areas,each township (town) was selected,in each township (town) drawed a natural village in a ward as a survey point.At each survey site,drinking water samples of local residents were collected,and 10 households were selected,tea samples were collected,and dental fluorosis was investigated for children aged 8-12 years old.The mean of fluoride was determined by fluoride ion selective electrode method (GB/T 5750.5-2006,GB 19965-2005),and the dental fluorosis was diagnosed based on "Diagnosis of Dental Fluorosis" (WS/T 208-2011).Results The mean of fluoride in 85 water samples was 0.34 mg/L (0.20-0.77 mg/L),the mean of fluoride in 161 brick-tea samples was 579 mg/kg (110-1 278 mg/kg).The mean of daily fluoride intake of each person was 6.78 mg,among them,73.29％ (118/161) drank brick-tea,the detection rate of dental fluorosis of 2 083 children was 22.85％ (476/2 083),and the index of dental fluorosis was 0.42,the prevalence was weak.Conclusion The prevalence of drinking brick-tea type fluorosis of children in Guoluo Prefecture is less serious.