摘要碘是合成甲状腺激素的必需元素，而儿童的正常脑发育依赖于甲状腺激素，其关键期在生命最初3年间。碘缺乏是造成儿童脑神经发育障碍已知、最大和可预防因素。因此，对孕妇碘营养和甲状腺功能与后代脑发育关系的研究，一直是碘缺乏病研究与防治的热点，但是孕妇隐匿性碘缺乏（尿碘为100~150 μg/L）、亚临床甲状腺功能减退和低甲状腺素血症等甲状腺功能障碍对后代脑发育影响及其程度一直未见明确结论。本文对该领域研究重新进行梳理，回顾缺碘、补碘和碘过量对儿童脑发育影响的研究，并介绍孕期补充碘和甲状腺素的预防及治疗效果。

abstractsIodine is an essential element in the synthesis of thyroid hormones. The normal brain development of children depends on thyroid hormone, and the critical period is in the first three years of life. Iodine deficiency is the most influential and preventable factor that is known to cause brain neurodevelopmental disorders in children. Therefore, research on the relationship between iodine nutrition and thyroid function of pregnant women and brain development of offspring has always been a hot spot in the research and prevention of iodine deficiency disorders. However, there has been no clear conclusion on the influence and extent of thyroid dysfunction such as hidden iodine deficiency in pregnant women (urinary iodine is 100-150 μg/L), subclinical hypothyroidism and hypothyroidism on the brain development of offspring. This article reviews the research in this field, the related research on the effects of iodine deficiency, iodine supplementation and iodine overdose on children's brain development, and introduces the preventive and therapeutic effects of iodine and thyroxine supplementation during pregnancy.