摘要目的:评估陕西省饮水型地方性氟中毒(简称饮水型氟中毒)病区农村饮用水中氟化物的健康风险,为改水降氟措施制定提供科学依据。方法:2020年陕西省饮水型氟中毒病区关中平原和陕北黄土高原地区农村饮用水中氟化物监测结果收集自"全国饮用水水质卫生监测信息系统",采用美国国家环境保护局(United States Environmental Protection Agency,USEPA)推荐的健康风险评价方法对氟中毒病区成人经口摄入饮水途径暴露的氟化物水平进行评价,并计算健康风险值。结果:共采集饮水型氟中毒病区农村饮用水水样4 342份,水质氟化物整体达标率为95.39%(4 142/4 342),氟化物含量中位数为0.470 mg/L;农村饮用水中氟化物的健康风险值为0.368,非致癌风险较低。共检出氟化物超标水样200份,氟化物含量中位数为1.450 mg/L,超标水样的健康风险值为1.135,非致癌风险较高。不同区域、水源和处理方式间比较,农村饮用水中氟化物含量差异均有统计学意义( H = - 7.73、- 7.60、34.40, P均< 0.05)。 结论:陕西省饮水型氟中毒病区氟化物经口摄入饮水途径对人体产生的非致癌风险较低,氟化物超标水样的非致癌风险较高,今后还需持续推进以改水降氟为主的综合防治措施。

abstractsObjective:To evaluate the health risk of fluoride in rural drinking water in drinking-water-borne endemic fluorosis(referred to as drinking-water-borne fluorosis) areas of Shaanxi Province, and to provide scientific basis for the formulation of water improvement and fluoride reduction measures.Methods:The fluoride monitoring results of rural drinking water in Guanzhong Plain and Loess Plateau of Northern Shaanxi in drinking-water-borne fluorosis areas of Shaanxi Province in 2020 were collected from the "National Drinking Water Quality and Sanitation Monitoring Information System". Using the health risk assessment method recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), the level of fluoride exposure of adults in fluorosis areas through drinking water was evaluated, and the health risk value was calculated.Results:A total of 4 342 rural drinking water samples from drinking-water-borne fluorosis areas were monitored. The overall compliance rate of fluoride in water quality was 95.39% (4 142/4 342), and the fluoride content median was 0.470 mg/L; the health risk value was 0.368, and the non-carcinogenic risk was low. A total of 200 water samples with fluoride exceeding the standard were detected, and the fluoride content median was 1.450 mg/L; the health risk value of the fluoride excess water samples was 1.135, indicating a high non-carcinogenic risk. There were significant differences in fluoride content in rural drinking water between different regions, water sources and treatment methods ( H = - 7.73, - 7.60, 34.40, P < 0.05). Conclusions:The non-carcinogenic risk of fluoride exposure of adults in drinking-water-borne fluorosis areas through drinking water in Shaanxi Province is relatively low, and the non-carcinogenic risk caused by water samples with excessive fluoride is relatively high. In the future, it is necessary to continue to promote the comprehensive prevention and control measures focusing on improving water and reducing fluoride.