摘要目的:探究宁波市儿童地中海贫血基因变异类型及构成，并分析其与红细胞参数的相关性。方法:以2019年1月至2020年12月在宁波市妇女儿童医院进行地中海贫血基因检测的785例儿童作为回顾性研究对象，分析当地儿童地中海贫血基因变异类型及构成情况；并从中选取地中海贫血基因变异携带者238例和同期体检的健康儿童100例（对照组）进行血常规检测，分析地中海贫血基因突变类型与血液学指标的相关性。结果:在进行地中海贫血基因检测的785例儿童中，共有571例确诊为地中海贫血基因变异携带者，检出率为72.7%，包括α-地中海贫血228例、β-地中海贫血337例、αβ-复合型地中海贫血6例，涵盖17种变异类型、25种基因组合形式。对照组、α-地中海贫血组和β-地中海贫血组的红细胞计数（RBC）、红细胞比容（HCT）、血红蛋白浓度（Hb）、红细胞平均血红蛋白含量（MCH）、红细胞平均血红蛋白浓度（MCHC）、平均红细胞体积（MCV）和红细胞分布宽度（RDW）比较，差异均有统计学意义（ H/ F = 125.03、86.24、141.06、192.99、121.46、198.63、178.06， P均< 0.001）；本次检测中常见的4种基因型-- SEA/αα、β IVS-Ⅱ-654/β N、β CD41-42/β N、β CD17/β N患儿HCT、Hb、MCH、MCV和RDW比较，差异均有统计学意义（ F = 5.03、3.34、6.24、10.33、6.83， P均< 0.05）。 结论:宁波市儿童地中海贫血基因型具有多样性，不同基因型的红细胞参数差异较大。

abstractsObjective:To explore the type and composition of thalassemia gene variation in children in Ningbo City, and to analyze its correlation with erythrocyte parameters.Methods:From January 2019 to December 2020, 785 children who underwent thalassemia gene testing in Ningbo Women and Children's Hospital were selected as the retrospective research subjects to analyze the type and composition of thalassemia gene variation in local children. A total of 238 thalassemia gene mutation carriers and 100 healthy children (control group) who underwent physical examination during the same period were selected for routine blood test to analyze the correlation between thalassemia gene mutation types and serological indexes.Results:Among the 785 children who underwent thalassemia gene testing, 571 were confirmed as carriers of thalassemia gene mutation, with a detection rate of 72.7%, including 228 cases of α-thalassemia, 337 cases of β-thalassemia, and 6 cases of αβ-complex type thalassemia. It covered 17 variant types and 25 gene combinations. There were significant differences in red blood cell count (RBC), hematokrit (HCT), hemoglobin concentration (Hb), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and red blood cell distribution width (RDW) between the control, α-thalassemia and β-thalassemia groups ( H/ F = 125.03, 86.24, 141.06, 192.99, 121.46, 198.63, 178.06, P < 0.001). And there were statistically significant differences in HCT, Hb, MCH, MCV and RDW among the four common genotypes (-- SEA/αα, β IVS-Ⅱ-654/β N, β CD41-42/β N and β CD17/β N) in this test ( F = 5.03, 3.34, 6.24, 10.33, 6.83, P < 0.05). Conclusion:The genotypes of children with thalassemia in Ningbo City are diverse, and the erythrocyte parameters are different among different genotypes.