摘要目的:分析江苏省不同水碘地区学龄儿童甲状腺结节与肿大检出情况，探讨不同年龄、性别、体质量指数（BMI）学龄儿童甲状腺结节、肿大的差异。方法:2017年在江苏徐州市停供碘盐地区，选择水碘值分别为8.1、51.2、115.4 μg/L（低碘组、中碘组、高碘组）的3个村作为调查点。在每个村抽取1所小学，在每所小学抽取8 ~ 10周岁儿童（年龄均衡、男女各半）作为调查对象，采集尿样，检测尿碘，测量身高、体重，并做颈部B超检查。结果:低碘组、中碘组、高碘组分别调查8 ~ 10周岁儿童131、140、138人，共409人；甲状腺结节检出率分别为6.9%（9/131）、15.0%（21/140）、16.7%（23/138），甲状腺肿大（甲肿）检出率分别为1.5%（2/131）、1.4%（2/140）、6.5%（9/138）。不同水碘组甲状腺结节检出率、甲肿检出率比较差异均有统计学意义（χ 2 = 6.92、6.37， P均< 0.05），不同年龄调查对象甲状腺结节检出率为9.5%（12/126）、11.3%（16/142）、17.7%（25/141），比较差异有统计学意义（χ 2 = 9.05， P < 0.05），不同性别[11.6%（24/207）、14.4%（29/202）]、BMI[12.5%（39/313）、16.9%（14/83）、0/9、0/4]调查对象甲状腺结节检出率比较差异均无统计学意义（χ 2 = 0.69， P均> 0.05）；不同性别[1.4%（3/207）、5.0%（10/202）]、年龄[2.4%（3/126）、6.3%（9/142）、0.7%（1/141）]、BMI[1.6%（3/313）、4.8%（4/83）、3/9、1/4]调查对象甲肿检出率比较差异均有统计学意义（χ 2 = 4.07、7.66， P均< 0.05）。 结论:江苏省不同水碘地区学龄儿童甲状腺结节检出可能与年龄有一定关系，甲肿检出可能与年龄、性别、BMI有一定关系。

abstractsObjective:To analyze the detection rate of thyroid nodules and goiter in school-age children in different water iodine regions and investigate the difference of thyroid nodule and goiter in school-age children with different age, gender and body mass index (BMI) in Jiangsu Province.Methods:In 2017, three villages with water iodine values of 8.1, 51.2 and 115.4 μg/L (iodine deficient group, iodine appropriate group and iodine high group) were selected as survey sites in Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, where the supply of iodized salt was suspended. One primary school was selected from each village, and children aged 8 to 10 years old (age balance, half male and half female) were selected from each primary school as the survey subjects. Urine sample were collected, urinary iodine level was determined, height and weight were measured, and neck B ultrasound was performed.Results:A total of 131, 140 and 138 school-age children aged 8 to 10 years old were investigated in the iodine deficient group, iodine appropriate group and iodine high group, respectively, with a total of 409 children. The detection rates of thyroid nodules were 6.9% (9/131), 15.0% (21/140) and 16.7% (23/138), respectively, and the detection rates of goiter were 1.5% (2/131), 1.4% (2/140) and 6.5% (9/138) in the three groups, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in the detection rates of thyroid nodules and goiter in different water iodine groups (χ 2 = 6.92, 6.37, P < 0.05). The detection rates of thyroid nodules in different age groups were 9.5% (12/126), 11.3% (16/142) and 17.7% (25/141), the differences were statistically significant (χ 2 = 9.05, P < 0.05). The detection rates of thyroid nodules were 11.6% (24/207), 14.4% (29/202), and 12.5% (39/313), 16.9% (14/83), 0/9 and 0/4 in the subjects of different gender and BMI, the differences were not statistically significant (χ 2 = 0.69, P > 0.05). The detection rates of goiter in the subjects of different gender, age and BMI were 1.4% (3/207), 5.0% (10/202); 2.4% (3/126), 6.3% (9/142), 0.7% (1/141); 1.6% (3/313), 4.8% (4/83), 3/9 and 1/4. The differences were statistically significant (χ 2 = 4.07, 7.66, P < 0.05). Conclusion:The detection rate of thyroid nodules in school-age children in different water iodine regions in Jiangsu Province may have a certain relationship with age, and the detection rate of goiter may have a certain relationship with age, gender and BMI.