摘要目的:探讨基于单核苷酸多态性（SNP）的甘肃省鼠疫耶尔森菌（简称鼠疫菌）的基因分型及其地区分布特征。方法:选取1962 - 2017年甘肃省喜马拉雅旱獭鼠疫疫源地和阿拉善黄鼠鼠疫疫源地分离的52株鼠疫菌，培养并提取基因组DNA，进行Illumina PE150二代测序，鉴定鼠疫菌SNP位点。基于SNP位点，采用Mega 10.0软件中邻接法的Kimura-2-parameter模型确定甘肃省鼠疫菌种群特征，并对群内菌株采用最大似然法的Hasegawa-Kishino-Yano模型构建分子进化树。结果:甘肃省52株鼠疫菌共鉴定出103个SNP位点，其中，基因间区位点28个，非同义突变位点43个，同义突变位点31个，无义突变位点1个。52株鼠疫菌划分为2个生物型3个群，分别为古典型（1.IN2、3.ANT），中世纪型（2.MED）。其中，35株属于1.IN2群，13株属于3.ANT群，4株属于2.MED群。1.IN2群内菌株进一步划分为肃北县鱼儿红乡、党城湾镇，肃南县马蹄乡、大河乡，夏河县5个亚群。3.ANT群内菌株进一步划分为阿克塞县红柳湾镇和肃北县党城湾镇马场2个亚群。结论:SNP方法能够对甘肃省不同鼠疫疫源地的鼠疫菌进行基因分型，且具有一定的区域性特征。

abstractsObjective:To study the genotyping and regional distribution characteristics of Yersinia pestis by single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in Gansu Province. Methods:A total of 52 strains of Yersinia pestis isolated from Himalaya Marmot plague foci and Spermophilus alaschanicus plague foci in Gansu Province from 1962 to 2017 were selected for culture and extraction of DNA. The genomic DNA of Yersinia pestis was sequenced by the second generation of Illumina PE150 to identify the SNP sites. The species characteristics of Yersinia pestis in Gansu Province was determined by the Kimura-2-parameter model of neighbor joining of Mega 10.0 software based on the SNP sites. The molecular evolutionary tree of the groups was determined by Hasegawa-Kishino-Yano model of maximum likelihood method according to the SNP sites. Results:A total of 103 SNP sites were identified in 52 strains of Yersinia pestis in Gansu Province, including 28 intergenic loci, 43 non-synonymous mutations, 31 synonymous mutations and 1 nonsense mutation. The 52 strains of Yersinia pestis were divided into 2 biotypes and 3 groups, which were ancient type (1.IN2, 3.ANT) and medieval type (2.MED). Among them, 35 strains belonged to 1.IN2 group, 13 strains belonged to 3.ANT group, and 4 strains belonged to 2.MED group. The 1.IN2 group was further divided into 5 subgroups: the groups of Yuerhong Town and Dangchengwan Town in Subei County, the groups of Mati Town and Dahe Town in Sunan County, and the group of Xiahe County. The 3.ANT group was further divided into 2 subgroups: the groups of Hongliuwan Town in Aksay County and Machang in Dangchengwan Town of Subei County. Conclusion:The SNP method can be used to genotype Yersinia pestis from different plague foci in Gansu Province, which has certain regional characteristics.