摘要目的 观察甲氧氯普胺联合早期肠内营养对颅脑术后机械通气患者的治疗效果.方法 56例颅脑术后并机械通气患者按照前瞻性随机对照研究方法分甲氧氯普胺联合早期肠内营养组(观察组)和早期静脉营养组(对照组),每组28例.观察组予以早期(术后24～48 h)肠内营养支持,同时肌注甲氧氯普胺(10 mg,每8小时1次),连续7d;对照组早期予以全静脉营养支持.比较两组治疗前后营养指标、机械通气时间、1周内撤机成功率、1周内呼吸机相关性肺炎(VAP)发生率、不良反应发生率.结果 两组治疗前后的营养指标差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);观察组治疗第3、7天的血糖水平分别为(8.9±1.6) mmol/L(P1)、(8.2±1.3) mmol/L(P2),与对照组的(11.4±3.2) mmol/L、(10.6±2.1) mmol/L相比明显下降(P1 =0.002,P2 =0.011);机械通气时间(P3)、1周内VAP的发生率(P4)分别为(6.5±2.3)d、21.4％,均明显低于对照组的(8.9±3.1)d、46.4％ (P3 =0.022,P4=0.048),而1周内的撤机成功率67.9％则高于对照组39.3％ (P5=0.032);观察组的反流率17.9％ (P6)与消化道出血发生率14.3％(P7)明显低于对照组的42.9％、42.9％(P6 =0.042,P7 =0.038);而腹胀、腹泻的对比,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 甲氧氯普胺联合早期肠内营养对颅脑术后机械通气患者,可以改善患者营养状态,利于缩短机械通气时间,减少VAP发生率,并不明显增加不良反应.

abstractsObjective To observe the effect of metoclopramide combined with early enteral nutritional on patients with mechanical ventilation after craniocerebral operation.Methods A prospective randomized control study was conducted.56 patients with mechanical ventilation after craniocerebral operation were randomly divided into metoclopramide combined with early enteral nutritional group (observation group) and parenteral nutrition group (control group),28 in each group.The patients in the observation group received early enteral nutrition (24-48 h after operation),and intramuscular injection of metoclopramide (10mg Q8H) for 7 days.The patients in the control group received parenteral nutrition.The nutritional parameters,mechanical ventilation (MV) time,success rate of the ventilator weaning and the occurrence rate of pneumonia associated with ventilation (VAP) in one week,the incidence of adverse reaction were compared between the two groups.Results After 1 week therapy,the nutritioual parameters of the two groups showed no statistical significance(P ＞ 0.05);the observation group compared with the control group,3 、7days of blood glucose(P1 、P2) decreased significantly[(8.9 ± 1.6) mmol/L vs (11.4 ± 3.2) mmol/L,(8.2 ± 1.3) mmol/L vs (10.6 ± 2.1) mmol/L] (P1 =0.002,P2 =0.011),Mechanical ventilation (MV) time (P3) and the occurrence rate of VAP(P4) in one week also declined[(6.5 ±2.3)d vs (8.9 ±3.1)d,21.4％ vs 46.4％] (P3 =0.022,P4 =0.048),but within a week of success rate of the ventilator weaning improved (67.9％ vs 39.3％,P5 =0.032).Return rate (P6),gastrointestinal bleeding (P7) was significantly lower than those of the control group (17.9％ vs 42.9％,14.3％ vs 42.9％,P6 =0.042,P7 =0.038),but abdominal distention,diarrhea were no significant contrast (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Metoclopramide combined with early enteral nutritional may obviously improve the nutrition parameters,shorten the MV time,decrease the occurrence rate of VAP,not increase in side effects.