摘要近年来，尽管成人高尿酸血症（hyperuricemia，HUA）和痛风问题已受到足够重视，但对于儿童及青少年HUA和痛风的认识仍十分有限。HUA是儿童和青少年的一种重要代谢性疾病，比成年患者更容易出现肾功能不全等并发症。阳性家族史、生长发育史及肥胖是儿童及青少年HUA的危险因素。儿童和青少年HUA的病因与成人不同，包括继发性因素、遗传性疾病和其他伴有高尿酸血症和痛风的疾病等。其治疗与成年人相似，在保证正常生长发育的前提下控制体重和减少高嘌呤、高果糖饮食的摄入尤为重要，必要时在监测肾脏排泄尿酸的情况下，选择儿童可以安全使用的降尿酸药物。

abstractsAlthough the issue of hyperuricemia (HUA) and gout in adults has attracted much attention in recent years, our understanding of HUA and gout in children and adolescents is still very limited. HUA is an important metabolic disease in children and adolescents, who are more likely to develop complications such as renal dysfunction than adult patients. Positive family history, growth history and obesity are risk factors for HUA in children and adolescents. The etiology of HUA in children and adolescents is different from that in adults, including secondary factors, genetic diseases and other diseases complicated with hyperuricemia and gout. Similar to the treatment strategies in adults, it is very important to control body weight and reduce the intake of high purine and high fructose diet on the premise of ensuring normal growth and development. If necessary, uric-acid-lowering drugs with favorable safely profiles in children and adolescents should be used with monitoring of renal uric acid excretion.