摘要目的 调查天津市视障学校学生病因、视力及远用光学助视器应用情况,阐述屈光矫正与功能性视力训练的重要性,进一步探索盲校学生眼保健服务的思路.方法 横断面研究.通过问卷调查及眼科临床诊断,获得病因资料;应用logMAR视力表检查裸眼视力、矫正视力、生活视力及助视器视力;并对助视器应用情况及效果分析.结果 视残病因以先天性眼球发育不良(16例)及先天性白内障(14例)为主,占38.96％.按照2006年我国视残评定标准,77例中盲42例,占54.54％;低视力32例,占41.56％;矫正视力高于0.3者3例,占3.90％.仅有8例拥有远用光学助视器,6例弃用.35例远视力≥0.05的学生平均logMAR视力为(1.07±0.31),验配单筒6×后视力提升至(0.44±0.22),增视效果有统计学意义(t =9.97,P＜0.05);验配双筒2.8×后视力提升至(0.70±0.26),增视效果有统计学意义(f=5.14,P ＜0.05).结论 病因以先天性/遗传性眼病为主.屈光矫正提高基础视力配合个性化视训方案有助于提高助视器利用率与康复效果.盲校应与视光学院及低视力康复机构长期合作,建立一套完善的眼科体检筛查流程与专业的视功能训练室,共同关爱视障学生的健康成长.

abstractsObjective To investigate the causes,visual acuity (VA) and applications of optical visual aids for distance in the students of Tianjin School for the Visually Impaired,and to show the importance of refractive correction and training of functional vision.Methods Cross-sectional study of 77 students accepted questionnaire and routine examinations of ophthalmology;Low Vision Chart of China was adopted to record naked VA,best corrected VA,presenting distance VA and visual aids VA,and analyzed the applications and effects of visual aids.Results Major underlying etiology were congenital ocular dysgenesis and congenital cataract (38.96％).According to the categories of visual impairment of China in 2006,42 (54.55％) students were blind and 32 (42.86％) were low vision,3 had VA of 0.3 or better.Only 8 students had optical visual aids for distance and 6 had been abandoned.LogMAR VA of 35 students was 1.07±0.31,visual aids VA of 6×keplerian telescope was improved to 0.44±0.22,difference had statistically significance (t=9.97,P ＜0.05);visual aids VA of 2.8× Galilean telescope were improved to 0.70±0.26,difference had statistically significance (t=5.14,P＜0.05).Conclusions The main cause of Visually Impaired is congenital and hereditary diseases.Refractive correction combined with individual training program contribute to improve the utilization rate and effects of visual aids.It's important for blind school to cooperate with college of Optometry and center of low vison rehabilitation firmly,and establish a set of ophthalmic medical screening process and professional visual function training room to help students grow up healthily.