摘要中性粒细胞是抵御外来微生物入侵的第一道防线，也是炎症诱导损伤的主要介导者。中性粒细胞一度被认为是终末分化的同一种类白细胞，并且功能特点单一，寿命短暂，转录活性低，迁移至组织后不能回归血液循环。但是近年来研究表明，在生理或病理情况下，循环或组织中的确存在表型及功能各异的中性粒细胞亚型。现对中性粒细胞在脓毒症和肿瘤发生时表型及功能异质性进行综述。

abstractsNeutrophils are the most abundant circulating leukocyte type in humans and comprise the host's first line of cellular defense against foreign pathogens invasion. On the other hand, neutrophils are the main mediators of tissue damage induced by acute and chronic inflammation. They were once considered to be short-lived, low transcriptional activity, and terminally differentiated homogeneous leucocytes that failed to return to circulation from tissue. However, more evidence has demonstrated that neutrophils can develop into different sub-populations with phenotypic heterogeneity and functional versatility under physiology and pathological conditions. This review summarizes the phenotypic and functional heterogeneity of neutrophils in sepsis and tumor genesis.