摘要急性铊中毒是一种相对少见的中毒种类，多见于误食或人为造成，其所致的中毒事件已成为严重的社会问题。因急性铊中毒病史隐匿，早期临床症状不典型，容易误诊误治，影响患者治疗及预后。尽早进行毒物检测或毒物鉴别，及时准确地给予血液净化或普鲁士蓝及相关对症支持治疗后，绝大部分急性铊中毒患者都能康复治愈。为了正确、及时诊治该疾病，中国毒理学会中毒与救治专业委员会和中华医学会急诊医学分会中毒学组联合全军中毒救治中心，组织全国一线相关领域专家，对急性铊中毒患者的诊断及治疗措施进行分析、探讨、总结，制定了《中国急性铊中毒诊断与治疗专家共识（2021）》。

abstractsAcute thallium poisoning is relatively rare, which usually caused by eating by mistake or poisoning. This kind of poisoning attracts social attention. Its atypical clinical symptoms can result in misdiagnosis, mistreatment and poor prognosis. Most patients with acute thallium poisoning can be cured after early toxicological examination, timely blood purification or Prussian blue and symptomatic treatment. To diagnose and treat the disease correctly and timely, the Chinese Society of Toxicology Poisoning and Treatment of Specialized Committee and the Poisoning Group of Emergency Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association, together with the Poisoning Treatment Center of the Army, invited experts in the field of acute thallium poisoning to analyze, discuss and summarize the diagnosis and treatment to formulate the Chinese expert consensus on diagnosis and treatment of acute thallium poisoning (2021).