摘要目的:设计重症医学科质量控制（质控）核查表（Checklist）并观察其临床应用效果。方法:通过查阅《重症医学专业医疗质量控制指标（2015年版）》等指南及相关文献，设计重症医学科质控Checklist，包括质控数据收集、病历质量核查、特殊诊疗、院感防控督查4个部分。每月由副高以上职称医师担任质控主任，负责全科质控的实施，每日晨交班时完成过去24 h内的数据收集，对当日拟进行的特殊诊疗行为进行讨论、登记，并与护理组长协调，在全天对全科室进行质量把控，监督每位医务人员的不合理行为，对运行病历和出科病历进行检查，巡查各岗人员值班状况。采用回顾性研究方法，分析2018年和2019年（实施Checklist）与2017年（未实施Checklist）的数据，包括收治患者情况、科室管理资料、重症医学科住院时间以及三管感染发生率〔呼吸机相关性肺炎（VAP）、导管相关性血流感染（CRBSI）、导尿管相关性尿路感染（CAUTI）〕、标化病死率等主要质控指标。结果:2017、2018、2019年收治患者数分别为373、446、480例，2018年和2019年的年增长率分别为19.57%、7.62%，2019年较2017年增长了28.69%。3个年度收治患者年龄和急性生理学与慢性健康状况评分Ⅱ（APACHEⅡ）差异均无统计学意义。与2017年比较，2018年和2019年患者重症医学科住院时间均明显缩短（d：8.99±6.12、9.14±7.02比10.20±7.21），VAP、CRBSI和CAUTI发生率均明显降低〔VAP（例/千机械通气日）：12.97±3.60、9.62±3.14比17.48±4.89，CRBSI（例/千导管日）：3.75±2.19、3.87±1.87比6.19±3.13，CAUTI（例/千导尿管日）：3.29±2.18、3.28±1.87比5.61±3.18〕，标化病死率亦明显降低〔（77.27±7.24）%、（70.61±7.49）%比（84.41±9.05）%〕，每月院感防控督查发现的不合理人次明显减少（人次：54.00±6.30、41.08±10.76比72.08±19.68），每月特殊诊疗人次大幅增加（人次：1 056.67±235.27、1 361.75±278.48比722.25±145.96），抗菌药物治疗前病原学送检率〔（93.21±3.68）%、（96.59±2.49）%比（87.86±5.28）%〕和深静脉血栓（DVT）预防率〔（91.13±6.36）%、（96.23±2.99）%比（85.58±7.68）%〕均明显提高，差异均有统计学意义（均 P<0.01）。3年所有病案均为甲级病案，且2018年和2019年病案平均得分均明显高于2017年（分：96.82±2.84、96.73±2.94比93.70±3.33，均 P<0.05）。与2018年比较，2019年患者VAP发生率、抗菌药物治疗前病原学送检率、DVT预防率、标化病死率均进一步改善，每月院感防控督查发现的不合理人次进一步下降，每月特殊诊疗人次进一步增加，差异均有统计学意义（均 P<0.05）。 结论:重症医学科应用质控Checklist，可以建成有效的质控体系与制度，有助于降低三管感染的发生率和标化病死率，缩短重症医学科住院时间，提高医护人员的质控意识和执行力，促进重症医学科医疗质量的改善，值得在临床推广和应用。

abstractsObjective:To design a Checklist for quality control in intensive care unit and observe the effect of clinical application.Methods:By consulting guidelines and literature, such as Critical care medicine professional medical quality control index (2015 edition), the quality control Checklist of intensive care unit was designed. It included four parts: quality control data collection, medical record quality verification, special diagnosis and treatment, and hospital infection prevention and control supervision. Every month, a doctor with a senior professional title served as the quality control director, and was responsible for the quality control of the department's medical care, including collecting data of the past 24 hours during the morning handover, discussing and registering special diagnosis and treatment behaviors that would be performed on the day, and coordinating with the nursing team leader, controlling the quality of the whole department throughout the day, such as supervising each medical staff if they had unreasonable behaviors, checking the running and discharge medical records, and inspecting the status of the staff on duty. The data in 2018, 2019 (Checklist implemented) and 2017 (Checklist not implemented) were retrospectively analyzed, including the status of admitted patients, department management information, length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay, and the incidence of three-tube infection [ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI), catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI)], and standardized mortality, etc. Results:From 2017 to 2019, the number of patients admitted was 373, 446, and 480, with annual growth of 19.57% and 7.62% in 2018 and 2019, respectively, and an increase of 28.69% in 2019 compared with 2017. There was no statistically significant difference in the average age and acute physiology and chronic health evaluationⅡ (APACHEⅡ) of patients in the three years. Compared with 2017, the length of ICU stay of patients in 2018 and 2019 were significantly shortened (days: 8.99±6.12, 9.14±7.02 vs. 10.20±7.21), and the incidence of VAP, CRBSI and CAUTI were significantly reduced [VAP (cases/1 000 ventilation days): 12.97±3.60, 9.62±3.14 vs. 17.48±4.89, CRBSI (cases/1 000 catheter days): 3.75±2.19, 3.87±1.87 vs. 6.19±3.13, CAUTI (cases/1 000 catheter days): 3.29±2.18, 3.28±1.87 vs. 5.61±3.18]. The standardized mortality were also significantly reduced [(77.27±7.24)%, (70.61±7.49)% vs. (84.41±9.05)%], the number of non-compliance with hospital infection prevention per month decreased significantly (person times: 54.00±6.30, 41.08±10.76 vs. 72.08±19.68), and the number of special diagnosis and treatment per month increased significantly (person times: 1 056.67±235.27, 1 361.75±278.48 vs. 722.25±145.96), the rate of etiology submission before antimicrobial treatment [(93.21±3.68)%, (96.59±2.49)% vs. (87.86±5.28)%] and deep vein thrombosis (DVT) prevention rate [(91.13±6.36)%, (96.23±2.99)% vs. (85.58±7.68)%] were significantly improved, and all the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). All medical records in the three years were Grade A, but the average scores in 2018 and 2019 were higher than those in 2017 (96.82±2.84, 96.73±2.94 vs. 93.70±3.33, both P < 0.01). Compared with 2018, the incidence of VAP, the rate of etiology submission before antimicrobial treatment, the DVT prevention rate, and the standardized mortality rate in 2019 were further improved, and the number of non-compliance with hospital infection prevention per month decreased and the number of special diagnosis and treatment per month increased, and the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). Conclusion:The application of quality control Checklist in intensive care unit can build an effective quality control system, reduce the incidence of three-tube infection, standardized mortality and length of ICU stay, improve the quality control awareness and execution of medical staff, and promote the improvement of medical quality.