摘要Objective To introduce a new major autoantigen and autoantibody in insulin-depenent diabetes mellitus.Meothds An English-lanuage literature was searched using MEDLINE (1992-1997.6). After independently reviewed by three observers, 19 of 30 originally indentified articles were selected that specifically indentified articles were selected that sepcifically addressed the stated purpose. Three observers independently asessed the biological properites and relationship with insulin-dependent diabetes meliitus of ICA512.Results ICA512 is a new member of the protein typrosine phosphatase family. Sixty-six percent of patients with insulin-dependent diagbetes mellitus have autoantibodies to ICA512. The positive prdictive value of ICA512 autoantibodies is 74.5%, in first-degree relatives of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The combination of antibodies may increase the sensitivity to 100%. First-degree relatives with all three autoantiodies to insulin, glutamate acid decarboxylase, ICA512 had a risk of diabetes within 5 years estimated to be 100%.Conclusions Autoantibodies to ICA512 alone or combinedly with other autoantibodies are of great importance in the prediction and diagnosis of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.