摘要目的检测先天性肾积水肾脏细胞凋亡的发生，并探讨其临床意义。方法应用电镜、DNA原位缺口末端标记法及DNA电泳检测15例先天性肾积水患儿患肾细胞凋亡，其中轻、中、重度肾积水各5例。结果先天性肾积水肾脏有细胞凋亡发生，可见细胞核周边染色质凝集及凋亡小体。重度肾积水肾脏平均凋亡指数为0.0941±0.017，中度肾积水为0.0325±0.0169，轻度肾积水为0.0021±0.0031，三者相比均有显著差异，并且随着肾积水程度的加重，凋亡细胞数增多。1例中度肾积水和5例重度肾积水肾组织电泳带型呈典型的“梯形结构”。结论凋亡可能参与了先天性肾积水肾脏的损伤。

abstractsObjective To assess apoptosis in congenital hydronephrosis and discuss its clinical significance. Methods Apoptosis was detected in 15 kidneys from children with congenital hydronephrosis (5 mild hydronephrosis, 5 moderate hydronephrosis and 5 severe hydronephrosis) using the electronmicroscope, in situ gap labeling of fragmented nuclear DNA and DNA fragmentation analysis.Results Apoptosis was seen in kidneys from children with congenital hydronephrosis. Margination of nuclear chrornatin was identified and rounded apoptotic bodies were seen. The mean apoptotic index was 0.0941 + 0.017 in severe hydronephrosis, 0.0325 + 0.0169 in moderate hydronephrosis, and 0.0021 +0.0031 in mild hydronephrosis. There was a significant difference between severe and moderate hydronephrosis (P=0.0005), as well as between moderate and mild hydronephrosis ( P = 0.0154).Moreover, with an increasing degree of hydronephrosis, the number of apoptotic cells also increased. Five kidneys with severe hydronephrosis and one kidney with moderate hydronephrosis showed typical apoptotic bands.Conclusion Apoptosis might participate in damaging kidneys in children with congenital hydronephrosis.