摘要篇首： Approximately 400 million people worldwide suffer from bladder disease such as congenital abnormalities, cancer, trauma, infection, iatrogenic injuries or other conditions which may lead to painful bladder damage or loss, so eventual bladder augmentation or substitution should be required. Gastrointestinal segments are commonly used as tissues for bladder replacement or repair, but have been associated with multiple complications such as infection, metabolic disturbances, increased mucus production, and malignancy.1 Because of the problems encountered with the use of gastrointestinal segments, several bladder substitutes have been attempted with both organic materials (skin, dura mater, peritoneum or fascia) and synthetics (such as poly vinyl, sponge, silicone). These attempts have usually failed due to mechanical, structural or biocompatibility problems. Permanent synthetic materials succumb to mechanical failure and urinary stone formation. Degradable materials lead to fibroblast deposition, scarring, and a reduced reservoir volume.2,3 It is evident that bladder tissue cannot be replaced easily due to its elastic properties and urothelial permeability function.