摘要篇首： Neural stem cells (NSCs) are effective in treating Parkinsonian animals.1 Although cell transplantation is considered a promising treatment for Parkinson disease (PD), its clinical use has been limited to only a few patients. The major limiting factors of this therapy are difficulty in obtaining sufficient viable embryonic mesencephalic tissue and the controversial ethical and/or legal issues raised by the use of human fetal allografts.1 Some reports suggest that Schwann cells (SCs) can promote the proliferation of embryonic stem cells and the induction of dopaminergic neurons.2 Our research focused on potential curative effects of co-graft SCs with mesencephalic stem cells into Parkinsonian animals and elucidating the underlying mechanisms.