摘要篇首： Wilms' tumor is the most common pediatric tumor of the kidney. The most important factor affecting long term survival of this malignancy is recurrence after surgery. Early diagnosis, treatment and regular follow-up are critical to prevent recurrence and improve long-term survival rate. Currently, the diagnosis, clinical staging and postoperative monitoring of Wilms' tumor rely on clinical symptoms and imaging technology, such as ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), plain X-ray pyelography of the urinary tract (urography). However, imaging diagnoses are not as accurate and informative as pathological examinations for tumor staging. Furthermore, CT is mainly used for the diagnosis of Wilms' tumor when the tumor diameter is more than 3 cm.1 A more sensitive and specific method is expected to help the patients receive timely and accurate treatment.DOh 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0366-6999.2010.14.019