摘要篇首： Two main issues are crucial for neonatology at present:first, the increased rate of preterm delivery (＞ 10%)especially in low and middle income countries or even in industrialized countries lacking a universal access to health care;1 second, an increased survival of preterm infants (＜37 weeks gestation), and especially of those in the lower gestational ages (24 to 32 weeks gestation) that has been associated with an increased rate of morbidity2Therefore, inescapable objectives of perinatology and neonatology should be to reduce preterm delivery and to improve the quality of survival of very preterm infants.Laudable initiatives in this regard include optimizing prenatal and perinatal obstetric care and generalizing the delivery room intensive care unit (DRICU) concept consisting in applying the most advance available technology and gentle approach during resuscitation.3 The aim of this article has been to analyze published results derived from applying these interventions and put them into perspective.