摘要Both chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and pulmonary tuberculosis are leading causes of morbidity and mortality,and therefore the most important challenges to public health in China.A large,populationbased survey showed that the prevalence of COPD was 8.2％ (men,12.4％;women,5.1％) in adults 40 years of age or older,1 and even higher in Chinese rural areas where biomass fuels are the main sources of energy for cooking,heating,and other household needs in poorly ventilated dwellings.2 Under-diagnosis and under-treatment of COPD in these areas was another serious concern.2 It is also notable that pulmonary tuberculosis is highly prevalent in rural areas,which may share common risk factors with COPD.A systemic review by Lin et al3 showed that smoking was also an independent risk factor for tuberculosis and suggested a positive association between indoor air pollution and the disease.Cigarette smoking is the leading risk factor for COPD,but the prevalence of COPD in non-smokers is as high as 6.6％,and it is estimated that 25％-45％ COPD patients are neversmokers.4 Biomass fuel and occupational exposure are two major risk factors in never-smokers,and accumulating evidence suggests that tuberculosis is another significant risk factor for COPD.Facing the colliding epidemics of tuberculosis,tobacco smoking and COPD in developing countries,5 it is of urgent need to address the impact of tuberculosis on COPD,as well as the risk of tuberculosis in COPD patients.