摘要Heart failure is the leading cause of mortality in the world and represents the fastest growing subclass of cardiovascular diseases.An increasing body of evidence indicates an important role for microRNAs (miRNAs)in the pathogenesis and progression of heart failure.miRNAs are a class of small non-coding RNAs about 20 to 24 nucleotides (nt) (a few less than 20 nt) to regulate target gene expression at the post-transcriptional level.Mature miRNAs are formed after shearing a period of hairpin loop structure,the length of 70-80 nt and single stranded RNA precursors (pre-miRNA) with Dicer or nuclease as similar as Dicer.They primarily function posttranscriptionally by base pairing to sequence motifs in the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of target mRNAs in a sequence-specific,tissue-specific and developmental stagespecific matter.1-3 miRNAs have the role of regulation of cell proliferation and death,neuronal differentiation,ontogeny and other biological function.In 2006,scientists noticed that miRNAs play an extremely important role in the occurrence and development process of heart disease.To date,many miRNAs that play a role in diverse aspects of cardiac remodeling and heart failure development have been identified.